Self Determination of Indigenous Australians Essay Example for Free

Self Determination of Indigenous Australians Essay â€Å"Self determination is a principle of International Law and it must be the basis of social and political organisation† (Mazel, 2009, 150). This is an important principle in the acknowledging of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples rights. Self determination allows Indigenous peoples to independently determine their political status and gives them the freedom to economically, socially and culturally develop as according to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (Maguire, 2009, 2). Acknowledging this fundamental right is essential for Indigenous Australians to be able to preserve their culture, dignity and independence. Therefore, political, social, cultural and economical independence and freedom need to be granted to the Indigenous peoples. Arguably, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) was politically a step forward for Indigenous self determination and autonomy. ATSIC was established in 1990 and allowed Indigenous Australians, via a number of councils, to effectively govern themselves. This gave them the opportunity to take care of their own land, education, economic development, laws and justice and a number of other issues. â€Å"Aboriginals must be recognised for what they are, a peoples in their own right with their own culture, history and values† (Djerrkura and Herron, 1999). Since ATSIC was abolished, the Indigenous peoples have even less political representation and their infrastructure has worsened. To maintain the traditions and culture of the Indigenous Australians, they need to be able to have the strong connection to the land that is such an integral part of who they are as a people. The Aboriginal Land Rights legislation is a positive step forwards in this way. Also, socially there needs to be more recognition in the white Australian community of the damage that was done in past generations and there needs to be more respect for the lands original owners. As more responsibility is taken for the wrongs against the Indigenous population, and more actions are taken such as providing mental health services to help deal with this, there will be less social stigma attached to the Indigenous population. The Australian Government implementing the Northern Territory Intervention was a direct violation of the Racial Discrimination Act and it â€Å"impairs self-determination of Aboriginal communities, their ability to make certain choices about how their communities are run† (Anyana, 2010). This blatant form of institutionalised racism is demoralising and takes the Indigenous Peoples dignity from them, lowering their self-esteem and essentially making the causes of excessive drinking worse. Also, government funding is not going far enough in terms of infrastructure or providing support. Without basic needs being met such as garbage collection or emergency plumbing, the risk of disease is much higher. Most importantly, I believe that there needs to be some constitutional changes so that rights cant be revoked so easily. Also, Indigenous history, culture and customs need to be assimilated into into all compulsory education from as early as possible so that the younger generation can co-exist more harmoniously. Another very important thing for white Australians need to do is stop trying to force westernisation onto the Indigenous people and let them be autonomous. Self determination is necessary for Indigenous cultures so that a cultural majority doesnt take over and force the old culture into extinction. Increased political independence and representation is an important step towards this, as well as encouraging their spirituality and better social integration of the diverse cultures. It is important that the Australian government gives back the Indigenous Australians in the Northern Territory the right to manage their own finances and also to economically support these remote communities infrastructural development. This principle of international law is a foundation for organisation both politically and socially because handing over the responsibility is not only a show of respect but allows Indigenous Australians to take pride in who they are. REFERENCE LIST Mazel, O 2009, The Evolution Of Rights: Indigenous Peoples And International Law, Australian Indigenous Law Review; Volume 13, Issue 1. Maguire, A 2009, The Right of self determination to the Indigenous peoples of Australia, National Human Rights Consultation. Djerrkura, G and Herron, J 1999, Regional Autonomy for Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander Communities; Discussion Paper. Anyana, M. 2010, The West Australian; NT Intervention violates human rights: UN.

Discipleship Essay -- essays research papers

Discipleship Teachers around the time when Jesus lived thought that learning was such that the people who wanted to learn should come to them to be taught. But Jesus felt differently and rather than waiting for people to come to him, he went out to find them and then chose them to be his followers. He called them disciples and this word means one who learns. But Jesus chose his disciples carefully as we are told in Mark 1:16-20 and also in Mark 3:13-19. In the first passage, Jesus appoints his first four disciples, Simon, Andrew, James and John. Jesus said to them â€Å"Come, follow me, and I will make you fishers of men.† (Mark 1:17) In Mark 2:13-17, Jesus calls up the fifth disciple, Levi who was a tax collector, and Jesus later renamed him Matthew. But Levi was not called in the same way as the other four disciples. Jesus was with him at the tax collector’s booth and Jesus simply said, â€Å"Follow me† (Mark 2:14) and he rose and followed Jesus. These five men responded immediately to Jesus and this is very surprising as he is a man who they have never met before. It is quite clear that this idea of discipleship for the first disciples is very important and that Jesus is planning on building his faith in them and he wants them to spread the word around to the people. (Mark 3:14) Jesus appointed 12 disciples in total and this number was significant because each one represented one of the twelve tribes of Israel. (Mark 3:13-19) Jesus gave them the authority to cast out demons and preach to his people and they were known as his companions. It seems strange for him to choose those specific people as his twelve because he could have chosen from many of his disciples, but he chose a specific twelve to be his companions and apostles. When Jesus chose his apostles, there were two unusual choices: Levi and Simon the Zealot. Levi was a strange choice because he was a tax collector who had managed to get more money out of people than they need pay and so many people hated him and many other tax collectors. Simon the Zealot was an unusual choice because he was a zealot and although they had a strong belief in God, they hated the Romans, and being ruled by foreigners. In the mission of the twelve, Jesus calls them to him and sends them in two’s saying that they have the authority over evil spirits. (Mark 6: 7-13) Whenever you enter a house, stay there until you leave th... ...o Pilate, JesusÆ main enemy, or trouble, was the Roman Empire. Their religion was polytheistic; they had, among many others, a god of war, (Mars), a god of wine, (Bacchus), and a goddess of love, (Venus). They also believed that their Emperor, at the time Caesar, was a living God. This included Jesus, one of his titles being "King of the Jews". At the time of JesusÆ death, this number was sizeable, and as the early church grew, after the resurrection, the followers grew in number too. Literally. All of the people who attended these secret meetings, to tell or listen to the tales of Jesus Christ, were disciples. They were risking their lives to spread the good news. Stephen was viciously stoned to death after his great speech at the Sanhedrin (Acts 7), and Peter was crucified. There are many examples of modern day disciples around. Oscar Romero was the Roman Catholic Archbishop of El Salvador. Endangering your own life by fighting oppression, injustice, and going up against bigger powers, or giving your life to helping others. There are still some people today who take the faith as seriously as the first Christians do, but not many. TodayÆs society is too materialistic.

How Democratic is Britain? Essay

In this essay I will be looking at the democracy in Britain, but firstly I would like to be sure that it is clear what democracy means. Democracy is when there’s a system of government, whose representatives have been elected by the population. This means that the society is able to choose themselves, they have freedom of speech and views. The opposite of this is Dictatorship, this is when a ruler has total power over a country, a person who tells people what to do in an autocratic way or who determines behaviour in a particular area. Politics is concerned with power differences at every levelling society its about negotiation and decision making within individuals at a personal level, groups at a personal level and groups at a national level. This topic is a topic that many sociologist are interested in, they want to find out how democratic Britain is because everything sociologists study are linked to each other and this topic is linked to equality in society. Sociologist want to know if our society is as equal as it’s said to be, but we all know that in our society there isn’t total equality. One of the important principles of democracy is that we are able to participate in the political process in order to make our views known. We do this by voting, joining a political party and writing to the press or our M.P.’s. We have a Parliamentary democracy, this means that there’s a system where leaders are selected to represent the people through elections. These are the Members of Parliament (M.P.) who are elected. The British system has a number of fixed posts, these posts holders are the civil servants, the lords and the judges. These are the three main institutions of the state and the most powerful groups in society. The role of the state is to act as an umpire or referee rather than side with one party over another. The problem with this is that most of the people who work for the state are middle and upper class and all seem to share the same views about the way society should be run. This means that not all views are being represented their views are elitism. Due to this critics argue that Britain is not democratic because we have an unelected House of Lords and a Hereditary Monarchy. In this system there are three types of power and three types of authority that Max Weber drew out, Economic power, Physical power and Non-co-operative power, Traditional authority, Charismatic authority and Legal authority. Economic power is when money has lead someone to power, it can reach to the point were there’s exploitation. Physical power is taken over someone using physical force over someone more vulnerable to them. Non-co-operative power is when someone refuses to follow what the person in power order therefore the one who refuses will become empowered themselves. Traditional authority is when it is accepted because it’s always been done that certain way, it’s traditional within the culture. Charismatic authority is when a person has something special about them in their personality that the public is drawn to. Legal authority is accepted because it is the law, you can be sent to prison for disobeying the law. There are three factors about the state that seem to support Marx’s view, they are: 1. most Mp’s are white. 2. most of them are from the middle class and 3. most of them are men. Due to this many groups are no longer voting because they feel their views are not represented or they feel that there is racism, sexism and bias within the political system. The pluralists argue that the states approach is towards everyone in society. Including the different ethnic groups, all ages, all genders and all other groups that exist in society. Political power is spread a spread among these groups. Unlike the conflict who argue that the state’s approach is towards those who have had a privileged education and background. Thos who are in the senior possessions such as the judiciary. They believe that the policies benefit the bourgeoisie and ruling class. For this reason is why pressure groups have a very important role in maintaining democracy in Britain. Pluralists have a positive role of them. They help politicians keep in touch with the wishes of the public. They provide the government with the expert information. There are links between our voting behaviour and our social class, ethnicity, age and gender. People vote for the party that the best represents their views or interests, these views and interests are brought to us by the way we are socialised. We get these views and interests through the way we are socialised, we get influenced through our families, our peer groups and the media influence our political views and attitudes on politics. I feel that the media is the main influence in our political socialisation in the media because it influences our lives in everything. The media often use â€Å"Spin† and â€Å"Spin Doctors† they use these in campaigns to persuade us to vote a particular way. â€Å"Spin† and â€Å"Spin Doctors† are use to either catch out the opponent by using images or interviews were they look as if they were going against what they said they would do in their manifesto, for example printing a certain phrase they said out of context so they look bad. If they are unable to do this they might make up things up about them and use it to get the public to vote for them. These techniques are a type of propaganda because they want you to believe something that is not exactly true but as long as they look like the good ones it doesn’t matter. I have come to my conclusion of this essay, I believe that Britain is democratic because we get to vote in the Members of Parliament who are there to represent us. But there is a minority of people who have an incredible power within our government who make Britain and undemocratic country because it’s up to them to pass a law or any other decisions. This wouldn’t be a problem if they thought the way the nation do but their backgrounds have a great influences in the way they think and their thoughts are very different to ours. I don’t agree with the present parliamentary system because those who are involved in the system are elite, I think that if they wanted a true democratic Britain they would bring in a new system to vote in who we want to be at the top deciding what the right thing would be for our society, including the royal monarchy.

The Pros and Cons of Laws Against Defamation - 1193 Words

During the history defamation has developed in two ways; slander and libel. The law leading slander focused on oral statements and libel on written ones. By the 1500 English printers had to be licensed and had to be linked to the government as by that time it was believed that written word had possibility to give a risk to political strength. However when the times passed the law progressed and these days freedom of expression is a foundation of democratic rights and freedoms therefore freedom of speech is necessary in making possible democracy to work and community involvement in decision-making. When defamation comes to practice and people feels threatened with a defamation suit, the biggest focus is on whether or not there is†¦show more content†¦Even though this is not that common in United Kingdom but it is worth keeping in our mind. Privacy laws quite often slow down investigative reporting aimed at exposing corrupt and illegal practices. Privacy laws, while important in protecting the private affairs of individuals, should not be misused to deny discussion of matters of public concern. One of the most recent cases was News of the World scandal where News of the World journalist Dan Evans and private investigator Glenn Mulcaire for misuse of private information and breach of confidence. Progress has been made in recent years in terms of securing respect for the right to freedom of expression. Efforts have been made to implement this right through specially constructed regional mechanisms. New opportunities are emerging for greater freedom of expression with the internet and worldwide satellite broadcasting. I a case Ferdinand v MGN Ltd was said: â€Å"The action for misuse of private information has grown out of the older equitable claim for breach of confidence. Breach of confidence in its original form does still have a life of its own and may be relevant, for instance, where the Claimant is not in a position to invoke Article 8.† The claim has been dismissed. Nonetheless new threats are emerging such as global media monopolies and pressures on independent media outlets. The freedom to impartShow MoreRelatedAnalyse and Assess the Pros and Cons of the Libel Defences of Justification and Fair Comment1644 Words   |  7 Pagesthe pros and cons of the libel defences of justification and fair comment with reference to a minimum of three case studies Libel law in England is incredibly tough, so much so, that if found to be liable of a defamatory statement, ‘a statement which lowers someone in the eyes of reasonable people...’ [Quinn 2009: 210] the consequences can be very costly to both the journalist themselves and their newspapers and therefore it is very important for the defences of defamation to beRead MoreEssay on Pros and Cons of Censorship: Controlling Media and Ideas769 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates on whether censorship has truly been a restraint of expression, imposed to protect people from themselves and to others, or just, for the most part, futile in this day and age. I believe these are all valid reasons for why censorship has its pros and cons, but nonetheless is rather pointless. Censorship is valuable when it comes to hiding sensitive military information since it can be used by the enemy. Some might say censorship is absolutely need in protecting your nation, which falls under militaryRead MoreThe Media s Effect On Social Change916 Words   |  4 PagesThe next way that the media can hinder social change through the law, and perhaps the most problematic, is the role that the media takes in protecting large businesses. While the media highlights cases of extreme abuse of the system or people’s rights, they seem to stay silent when it it comes to exposing the abuses of their investors and other wealthy and powerful interests. A perfect example of this concept is with the role that large banks and investors played in the 2008 financial collapse. 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But when it is forced on them, they goes against the â€Å"Freedom of Religion† clause of the constitution. It would be a violation of the establishment clause if the government was behind one religion (Highlights of Pending Senate-School Prayer Proposals 2). Other religions professed that the allegedRead MoreTitle Vii, the Civil Rights Act of 19643095 Words   |  13 PagesTitle VII, The Civil Rights Act of 1964 Abstract Under federal law, an employer usually cannot make work-related decisions based upon an employees religion. This means, that generally an employer has to give their workers time off from work to practice their faith and celebrate religious holidays. Employers may face legal issues and be fined if they refuse time off without a good reason. Time offRead MoreEssay about What School Vouchers Are2364 Words   |  10 Pagesdollars, private schools would be filled with the well-to-do and middle-class students and a handful of the best, most motivated students from inner cities†(Anti-Defamation League, 2001). The public schools would therefore have few funds left to help educate the poorest children and children that were not private school material (Anti-Defamation League, 2001). Competition Between Public and Private Schools It has been hypothesized that vouchers will make public schools better by promoting competitionRead MorePros And Cons Of Hate Speech1416 Words   |  6 Pagesdistention among a nation? Should it be acceptable to destroy symbolic icons on which American history was founded? Is it permissible to single out individuals with harmful actions or words because their beliefs don’t line up with our own? The pros and cons of these questions must be examined in order to determine whether or not â€Å"Hate Speech† should or should not be considered a crime. 123 To live in a country where liberties are so readily available is a privilege. The founding fathers came to

Personality Analysis of Anthony Kiedis Essay - 754 Words

Samantha Selody Professor Dana Nelson Theories of Personality 10 October 2012 Personality Analysis of Anthony Kiedis Anthony Kiedis was often considered a â€Å"trouble maker† from a young age. By the third grade, he had developed a real resentment toward the school administration and teachers because if anything went wrong, he would be routinely pulled out of class and considered to be the cause of the problem. Because Anthony did not have any good male role models early on in his life, he developed a problem with authority figures and had no one to rein in any antisocial behavior (Kiedis, 2004, p. 19). Anthony moved to Hollywood, California to live with his father in 1974 at the age of twelve. Anthony’s father, John Michael Kiedis†¦show more content†¦185). This trait was most likely reinforced by his father who would also be high on this scale. One of Anthony’s favorite assignments in school was writing. His English teacher noticed that he had a gift for writing and encouraged him to continue to write. Anthony describes this as â€Å"a bell that wouldn’t stop ringing for the rest of his life† (Kiedis, 2004, p. 38). Anthony was also a big risk taker. He often devised schemes with his friends to obtain alcohol from homeless people. However, he eventually realized that he could just steal it himself, so he began to do just that. Anthony stole basically anything he wanted, whenever he wanted and was never caught or punished for it. This positive reinforcement fed in to his degree of openness to new experiences. Anthony was always seeking a thrill, and by observing his father, he recognized that he could get excitement by doing drugs, drinking, having sex and doing outrageous activities. It is important to note that all of these things occurred early in his life and throughout his adolescence. His actions were validated by his father and imitated by his friends who thought that he was having a great time. However, although he frequently abused drugs, Kiedis maintained his grades in school. Kiedis explains that, â€Å"I smoked a ton of pot, took pills,Show MoreRelatedCatcher in the Rye Song Project2065 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Under the Bridge† – Red Hot Chili Peppers Analysis In this song, the lead singer, Anthony Kiedis, is describing how after a drug addiction he moved to a different city to start a new life. This relates to Holden in Catcher in the Rye because after he was kicked out of school he had a hard decision to make. He either could go to his home before his parents knew about the expulsion, or he could run away to New York. Anthony and Holden both choose to go to the city. Also in the song and the book,Read MoreComparative Analysis of Two Producers Essay3407 Words   |  14 PagesBAP210.1 Report Comparative Analysis of Two Producers Rochelle Heffernan (104371) The following report introduces two producers I draw inspiration from, and am influenced by; Rick Rubin and Ken Scott. Firstly to critically analyze their bodies of work we must first understand the role of a producer and what classifies an individual as a producer or engineer. A producer must be able to oversee and effectively manage the recording

The Economics Of Climate Change - 1384 Words

Tristan Ridley English 102 Professor Pontillo 28 January 2016 The Economics of Climate Change The world economy is a very complex system; in the system harmful externalities disrupt capital flows and determine economic productivity. Most notable of these externalities is inadvertent global warming. Spending towards research and regulation of climate change at both the national and international level are very important in determining current and future business trends. Economists and scientists worldwide continuously debate the pros and cons of emissions reduction and what consequences can quickly follow. Though many have different views on the issue, all can agree that the immediate and long term effects of climate change have become an economic matter of paramount importance. The sweeping impact from climate change will have important fiscal, financial, and macroeconomic ramifications that influence global commerce standards. â€Å"In the absence of concerted action by the world’s governments, anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions will cause global temperatures to increase between 3 and 8 degrees Fahrenheit over the next century† (Ranson 2). Gradually, this rise in temperature causes changing precipitation patterns, rising sea levels, and a decrease in snow cover that enables a broad range of climatic shifts to take place. Considering such sudden environmental decay, there is a very limited time frame to gather scientific data that shape public and foreign policy. Therefore,Show MoreRelatedThe Economics Of Climate Change1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe Economics of Climate Change The world economy is a very complex system; in the system harmful externalities disrupt capital flows and determine economic productivity. 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From the perspective of meteorology, The climate change refers to a specific location, time of regional or global climate change or conversion, based on the all of the conditions associated with the average weather characteristicsRead MoreEconomics of Carbon Emissions and Climate Change1109 Words   |  4 PagesEconomics of Carbon Emissions and Climate Change The economics of climate change is a very controversial and disputed. To even discuss what should be done economists have to either state whether or not global warming and climate change exist. According to the CATO article, Climate Change vs. Climate Models (Michaels and Knappenberger, 2013), â€Å"The models’ estimate of the increase in temperature resulting from a doubling of carbon dioxide concentration may simply be too high.† As questioned in theRead MoreClimate Change And Its Effects On Economic Growth Essay8671 Words   |  35 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 Background †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 1.4 Climate change adaptation and mitigation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 1.7 Problem Statement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..... 11 1.8 Objectives of the study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 13 1.9 Research questions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 1.10 Significance of the study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 2.0 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.. 16 2Read MoreEconomic, Environmental, And Social Repercussions Of Climate Change In Canada1798 Words   |  8 Pagesput forth so as to inform readers about what is really going on in Alberta. Albertans are in the infancy of the potentially massive economic, environmental, and social repercussions of climate change. The province just felt its hottest year on record (CITE) and is heading into unknown territory. Into the bargain, Alberta is just getting over one of its worst economic bust cycles that it has ever witnessed. The price of oil has fallen FIND THIS OUT 2014-2015. This has had a dramatic impact on familiesRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On Social, Political, And Economic Stability1856 Words   |  8 Pageshow do societies react when exogenous variables prohibit access to the basic staples of life? Manfred Steger speaks briefly on globalization and environmental degradation and fails to draw real conclusions about the impact of climate change on social, political, and ec onomic stability. In Steger’s A Brief Introduction to Globalization, he contends that, â€Å"how people view their natural environment depends to a great extent on their cultural milieu†¦ [And] the US-dominated culture industry seeks to convinceRead MoreEconomic Impact Of The Climate Change On The Southeastern Region Of The U.s. 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Globally, warming will shift our living circumstances into a more risky and comparably inadaptable direction. The key vulnerabilities including theRead MorePoliticians Have Caused War, Economic Recession, Terrorism and Climate Change1906 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract: In the recent times our world is going through significant changes. There are wars all around the world, Countries are caught in clutches of economic turmoil, Terrorism and Climate change are the biggest threat faced by human civilization, Abuse of human rights is mounting in almost every country, Corporate bankruptcies are skyrocketing, Poverty and Unemployment are at its peak and numerous other challenges. This makes us to ask several questions; who is responsible for all this? WhatRead MoreClimate Change Has Changed The Way We Understand Economic Growth And Development2502 Words   |  11 Pagesthe relation between economic growth and development, and environmental issues have been emerging, including the discussion whether fundamental changes in society is required to realize long-term environmental sustainability. Several measures have been introduced in order to address climate change; on the other hand, the extent to which climate change has changed the way we understand econ omic growth and development is controversial. This essay will argue that climate change has changed the way we

International Business Expansion and Country Analysis

Question: Describe about the International Business Expansion and Country Analysis. Answer: Introduction: Rationale behind selecting the country: The fisheries companies in Canada are one of the oldest sectors having the bright future opportunities. The increased profits from the Canadian fisheries have made it an attractive exploration target. The country has been processing fisheries and base for almost 150 years. The reason for selecting Canada as the country for the expansion of the business of Maldives Industrial Fisheries Company (MIFCL) is that Canadas fisheries industry is the major driver and employer in the communities of Canada and provides the vast opportunities for the expansion of the fisheries activities in the country and is one of the most valuable fishing industries all over the world (Fertelet al.2013). Canada is the second largest country of the world and the country has a strong adherence to the French and Britain tradition. One of the primary industries in Canada is the fisheries industries and is the economic mainstay of approx 15000 communities in the Coastal and rural areas of Canada. Canada is one of the leading countries in the field of fisheries and contributes to the commercial landed fish species in huge way. The fisheries industry is also the contributor to the Canadian economy. The country in the 16th century has emerged and the growth in the fisheries industries was expanded. The fisheries of Canada is intrinsic to the regional identities and the Maritimes of the country developed the large own fleet and lumbering, trading and ship building reinforced the coastal economy. The great lake fishery of Canada went through major changes in the composition of species and the fisheries company had adapted to the individual quotas and this made them gained a strong voice in the management which is provincially controlled. In the early 2000s, the fisheries in Canada were slowed down but it was regarded as the potentially stable sector. The value of export attributable from the fisheries during the year 2012 was over $ 3 billion. The sector of fisheries supported communities all over the country. The fish harvesters retained their traditional elements of self-reliant and adventure and they continued to gain in field of management and co research (Hutchings and Post 2013). Literature review and critical analysis: Pestle analysis of Canada: Political aspect- The Canadas political system functions within the federal system of the parliamentary government and has strong traditions of democracy and framework of the parliamentary democracy. The unemployment in Canada caused a major recession after the global financial crisis in the year 2008. The unemployment rate in Canada stands at 8.6%. The labor market in Canada lost about 224000 permanent jobs and 162000 full time jobs between October 2008 and 2010 (Fertelet al. 2013). Economic aspect One of the wealthiest nations in the world is Canada and the GDP of the country stands at US $ 1.75 trillion. The country is ranked tenth among the top trading nations. The country has been transformed from the agrarian economy to such economic structure that is urban and industrial. The country is ranked seventh and is the largest exporter of seafood and fisheries. The value of export of fish during the year 2014 is 4.9 billion and the largest export market is United States. This is due to the impressive growth of the fisheries, manufacturing and the service sectors in Canada. The fishing sector provided direct jobs to more than 80000 Canadians. The trade relation of Canada with the US has led to the dramatic improvement and the US is the largest foreign investor, which make the investment in the fisheries and for the fish harvesters (Keeling and Sandlos2015). Social aspect- The culture of Canada is fun, warmhearted, easygoing, polite, and kind. The culture and traditions of Canada has been influenced by the culture of French and Britain. The art, music, language and aboriginal people influence the identity of Canadian. The culture of Canada is being regarded as inherently multicultural there is multiculturalism in the cultural of Canada ). Legal aspect- The Legal system of Canada has its foundation in the common law system of Britain, whichis inherited from the former colony of the UK and afterwards a member of the common wealth of nations. The legal system is subjected to the constitution of Canada. The constitution of Canada is of the supreme law and the law passed by the federal, territorial government would be regarded as invalid if it were not consistent with the constitution (Sandlos and Keeling 2015). Technological aspect- The fisheries industries in Canada has the respected control system and fisheries inspection. Fisheries industries is emerging as one of the most technologically advanced sectors in Canada has one of the diverse industries and at least 12000 people are employed in this sector. The country offers a wide variety of fishes that is sustainably harvested from all across the country. Environmental aspect-The department of the environment of Canada coordinates the environmental programmes and policies. This also provides for the enhancement and preserving of the renewable resources and natural environment. The climate of Canada is not cold throughout the year and the temperature falls below the freezing point during the winter. The climate is relatively mild in the southwestern coast. Southeastern and western Canada experiences high rainfall (Thistle and Langston 2016). Risk identification from the macro environmental factors- Cost associated with the fisheries activities-The cost of carrying out the fisheries activities is ever rising in Canada due to the increase in the commodity price and continuing acceleration in the production. The Maldives Industrial Fisheries Company needs to formulate some strategies and bring the cost under control. This would be done by understanding the cost driver, enhancing the energy efficiency. Labor crunch- There is the risk of shortage of the labor to power the growth of the fisheries company. The company needs to apply the workplace planning and introduce the cross training at the industry level. Capital project quandaries- Due to the fluctuation in the price of commodities and the widening of the gap between the supply and demand, the capital project concerning fisheries would be mounting. Therefore, the fisheries companies needs to manage the risks so as to achieve the objective of steady production. Analyzing the national competitiveness of target market using the Porters Diamond model: Factor conditions- The position of Canada in terms of basic factor of production such as land, infrastructure, labor, natural resources. The factor condition also includes the advanced and the specialized pool of skills, infrastructure and technology, which has been tailored to meet the needs of particular industries operating in the country. The country is blessed with the rich abundance of natural resources and the advanced factors are a source of providing international advantage to the expanding company. The physical resources of Canada include a wide variety of nonrenewable and renewable resources encompassing foresting land, metals and minerals, energy and fisheries. The specialized infrastructure of the country provides the sustainable competitive advantage to the particular industries (Vaillancour and Waaub 2012). Demand conditions-This condition tells about the nature of the demand of the home market for the output of local industries. In this context, the thing, which is of particular importance, is the presence of the local customers who are sophisticated and demanding that forms a pressure on the firms to make the innovation in the product. The needs of such customers help in anticipating the needs of the industries and companies. The emerging needs of the buyers in Canada are understood by the nature of the home demands. The industries in Canada have not been upgraded and the scope of innovation across the industries is constrained by the low cost orientation of the industrial buyers in Canada. The initial sales of the industries are mainly focused in the foreign market due to the conservative pattern in the adoption of technology (Vaillancourt and Waaub 2012). Firm structure, strategy and rivalry-This is another determinant of the national competitive advantage. The nature and the strategies of the company depend heavily on the national environment. The way in which the firms compete with each other depends on the difference between the business sectors of the different countries. If the Maldives Industrial Fisheries Company faces domestic rivalry in Canada, this would force the expanding company to be cost competitive and help it in becoming competitive and improving the quality. The international competitiveness of the company is determined by the international competitiveness of the company in which it is expanding. The firm in Canada has been forced to adapt to several strategies. The inclination on the cost based strategies is provided by the abundance of factor in Canada which has nurtured it. The foreign forms are prompted to establish the branch in Canada which is oriented solely to the domestic market of the country and this is du e to the fact that the domestic industry are traditionally exposed to high tariff (Ajami et al. 2012). Related and Supporting Industries- This tells us about the absence and presence of the internationally competitive industries and the other related suppliers in the country. The determinant includes the local suppliers that have specialized inputs such as components, services and machinery. This would help in the innovation of the industry by determining the factors that are integral to the innovation. The local companies in the fisheries industries that would relate by the skills, customers and technology is also included (Basuet al. 2015). Evaluating the industrial environment of Canada using the Porters Five forces model: Threat of new entrants- The main barriers to the new entrant in the fisheries sector is the high cost of financing. A huge amount of capital is required to set up the fisheries into production. Canada being the seventh largest exporter of sea food would attract many fisheries companies to invest and Maldives Industrial Fisheries Company may face tough competition from them. Customer bargaining power- The customers switch to another company in order to curb the costs and the Canadian market of fisheries holds the positive image in the mind of customers. As there are not many substitutes available to the consumers in the domestic market of Canada and the bargaining power of the customers is reduced. The impact of the price increases would get diminish as the intended company expanding in Canada focuses on retraining the long term relationship with the customers. Since the global macro environment is expected to stabilize. The upcoming position of the company is likely to be strong (Buckley 2016). Supplier bargaining power- The supplier of components, services and raw materials are the source of power over the firm. If the company has a fewer choice of suppliers and is in need of the more suppliers, then the more powerful are the suppliers. The barriers from the supplier come from the fact that gaining permits from the mines can be quite difficult factor. The rules and regulation concerning the fisheries sector can be hindrance in establishing the fisheries by the Maldives Industrial fisheries companies (Cavusgil et al. 2014). Competitive rivalry-The Maldives Industrial fisheries company would not compete on the price basis because it is set by the market. However, the companies would compete for land and Canada ha abundant sources of natural resources. The power of the company depends upon the reserves that the company is having and the discovery about the activities and scope of exploration depends upon the first come and first server basis. Availability of substitutes-The Canada has the availability of substitutes in terms of fisheries and is from top Atlantic species such as snow crab, lobster, scallops, shrimps, Greenland Turbot. Canada has largest and most diversified fisheries in the world. However, in regard to the Maldives Industrial fisheries services, the available substitutes for raw materials is low and would be strongly placed due to the board and the diversified portfolio and would not be able to counter the threat of substitutes (De Jong 2013). Product readiness for internationalization: Assessment of the product concerning the domestic market that is Maldives: The company has its major operation in Maldives and has a diversified portfolio of assets and is a renowned natural resources company. The company has its major operation and is based in Maldives and supplies the product such as yellow fin tuna, canned, frozen fish meal, smoked dried tuna. The company is engaged in processing of products of fishes in Maldives. The company is the largest operators of fisheries and has the setup of plants across the country to fulfill the global and the local requirement. However the demand and supply of fishes would get impacted by the rising cost of operations and the impact of the global warming which would affect the sea temperature and the consumption pattern of the people in Maldives is another impacting factor. The competency of company lies in fisheries sector and the fishing activities contribute to 11% GDP of Maldives (Forsgren and Johanson 2014). Assessment of the product concerning the foreign market: Maldives Industrial Fisheries Company Limited has been looking for the global opportunities due to the natural resources that are available and is accessible and has been discovered by the company. The company has sold its product to many countries such as south East Asia, United Kingdom, Europe without operating there. The company has focused on the international market by introducing range of products. The major products of company that is exported to the European Union and Asian market are frozen raw material and canned fish products. The operation in the UK is comfortably placed and it is the oldest supplier of canned tuna in Germany. The market growth in Thailand has grown significantly and the market base has expanded (Islam and Berkes 2016). Cultural analysis using Holfstede model: The cultural analysis of Canada is done by using the Holfstede model and the analysis is done based on six cultural dimensions of the country. Using this model, one country is distinguishing with another by using the cultural dimensions, which represents the independent preferences, about one state of affairs over another. The six dimensions comprised of power distance index, masculinity versus femininity, individualism versus collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, indulgence versus restraint, short-term normative orientation versus long term orientation (Holfstede et al. 2013). In the analysis of culture of Canada, the home country selected for distinguishing is the home country of MIFCL. Cultural elements Home country condition (Maldives) Host country (Canada) Individualism versus collectivism Score is 35 in this dimension. There is degree of interdependence among the members of society. The culture of Maldives is highly individualist. The promotion and the hiring of employees are based on merit. Score is 80 on this dimension and the culture is characterized as the individualist culture. The society is a loosely knit and similar to its neighbor in the south that is America. The expected culture is that the people in the society look after their family. In the corporate world, the employees are expected to take initiative and be self-reliant. The promotion decisions and hiring is done based on the merits. Power distance Score is 80 on this dimension and the society is relatively hierarchical. The hierarchy in Maldives organization is established for the purpose of convenience. The information between the employees and the managers are shared frequently and the communication is informative, direct, participative and informal. The score 39 on this dimension. The culture is marked by the interdependence among the inhabitants and there is the lack of distinction among the class of society. The straightforward exchange of information is valued in Canada. The reason for the creation of hierarchy in the Canadian organization is basically for convenience and the manager relies on the team and individual employees for the expertise. It is customary on the part of the employees to communicate freely with the other employees. Uncertainty avoidance Score is intermediate 45 on this dimension and the Maldivians does not indicate the strong preference Score is 48 on this dimension and the culture of Canada is more uncertainty accepting. This is indicative of the fact that people are willing to accept to the new ideas and try something different and new pertaining to the business practice, technology and products. There is freedom of expression and people are tolerant to new opinions. The culture of Canada is more oriented. Masculinity versus femininity Australia scores 10 in this and the society is regarded as the masculine society. Conflict resolution takes place at the individual level and winning is the goal. The people are proud of the success and achievements Score is 52 on this dimension and the society of Canada is characterized as the masculine society. The overall cultural tone of Canada is more subdued when compared to Australia about the success, achievement and winning. There is high standard of performance in both play and work and Canadians strive to attain it in all endeavors. The employees are likely to maintain life-work balance and its time taking them to enjoy life, personal pursuits and family gatherings. Attitude to times The Maldivians place importance in allotting their tine to leisure and fun. A high degree of importance is placed on the leisure time. Indulgence versus restraint No score for Maldivians on this dimension and the country is regarded as indulgent country. Score is 68 on this dimension and the culture is classified indulgent. The society is classified as indulgent, which exhibit the willingness and desire in regard to having fun and enjoying life and realizing the impulse. People are optimistic and are of positive attitude. Long term orientation versus short term orientation Score is 45 on this dimension, the culture of Maldives is regarded as normative culture, and the culture has the greater respect for tradition. The society maintains the link with the past while dealing with the future and present. Score is 36 on this dimension and the culture of Canada is classified as normative society. People are normative in thinking and are concerned with establishing the absolute truth. Identification of cultural risk: The culture of Canada is regarded as the production laggard and the growth in the business of Canada is currently hindered by the unwillingness of Canadians businesses to make critical investments. Therefore, the culture of Canada is regarded to be of conservative type when it comes to make investment decisions. There is the culture of risk aversion and conservatism, which act as an obstacle in attaining the global competitive advantage. The culture of Canada lacks the entrepreneurial spirits and the people are little timid and of shy nature which restricts the Canadian from taking the financial decisions (Verbeke 2013). Analysis of entry strategies: The entry strategies for the MIFCL would be the joint venture. The creation of the joint venture is the formation of partnership that leads the creation of the independently managed company. The two companies would agree to carry out their operation in the particular market either based on product or geographically. The risk and profits of the newly formed company are normally shared equally. This would enable the company to learn from other, the strategic goals of the partners should converge, and there is a divergence in the competitive goals. The venturing is controlled through the coordination and negotiation. The assets are managed and operated by the Joint ventures. If the company uses the strategy of joint ventures as the entry strategy, the company would be able to participate in the original discover of fisheries and harvesters. This joint venture contract is for the long term purpose and the processing of the fisheries would take place with the facilities of the joint venture. The company has its operation with the joint ventures in many other countries. The partnership is on the proportional basis. The capital outlay of the MIFCL would be shared with any of the fisheries companies of Canada. If the alliance is formed with the business that is indigenous then the intervention of the government is reduced and simultaneously the risk is also reduced. The company would be able to gain better local market intelligence which would be provided by the partner of the joint venture (Poulis et al. 2013). However, there can be the conflict of interest between the parties regarding the invested amount, sharing of profits, management, marketing strategy. Analysis of internationalization strategy: Global strategies are aimed at achieving the objectives of international expansion and comprise of three types of the international expansion. The expansion of the company mainly arises from its capability, resources and the current position that it is holding at the international level. In this case, the world is treated by the organization as one market and there is only the one supply source having little variations. The competitive advantage of the company is developed on the global basis. The global strategy would provide the company with the economies of scale and scope and with the lower cost of labor and global brand recognition (Stahl and Tung 2014). International strategy- This is the global plan that is specific to the company, it is the action taken by the multinational, and the strategy is based on the resources of the home market. The company would be provided with the large base of the customers Transnational strategy- The Company opting for this strategy seeks for the middle ground between the global strategy and multi-domestic strategy. This type of company tries to balance the desire for the efficiency and within the various countries; there is the need to adjust to the local preferences. Recommendation and conclusions: SWOT analysis to summarize the overall findings- Strength-The fisheries opportunities in Canada are huge and provided a broad scope of entrepreneurial opportunities and employment and benefit all the area of province. The company expanding the business would be benefitted with the wide opportunities offered. One of the safest industries in Canada is the fisheries and is the largest employer in the private sector. There are huge of people directly employed in the base fisheries of Canada. The population of Canada is relatively healthy and has healthy population of fish. Co management and the success of fisheries is another opportunity and the association of fisheries is strong and effective. There is many IQ fisheries management to the fishing industries. Weakness-The people of Canada are risk averse and are conserved and there is a lack of the entrepreneur skills. There are many mining industries in Canada and the MIFCL would face a tough competition with those companies. There is lack of economies of scale due to increased cost of labor and there is poor market concerning few species such as chum and oink salmon. The government and industry are reluctant in changing and cooperating. The fisheries industry in Canada does not have adequate financial rewards which is the reason behind the lack of crew labor. Opportunity-The Canada is the leading country in the harvesting of fisheries and it would remain the major global fisheries industry which is supported by the stable operating environment and vast reserves. The fishery industry is heavily reliant on trade, which would give MIFCL many opportunities. The province can improve the processing by bulk zoning the broad areas of aquaculture development. Threats- There is the potential of decline in the resources due to climatic changes and urban encroachment. There is uncertainty in the process of claiming aboriginal land. The dollar of Canada is strengthening which would be threat to MIFCL and there is the lack of support from public and community in supporting the commercial fishery. The recommended entry strategy for MIFCL is the joint ventures, as it would provide the company with the ample benefits. The company would be able to look into the original sources of exploration and harvesting of fishes. The partnership of the selected company using the joint ventures would act as the source of supply for the host country. The financial strength of the company would be strengthened and there is the sharing of the risk. The company would be able to know how the process, the technology, and the combination of the foreign partner with the local in depth knowledge would boost the ability of the newly managed company. The recommended internationalization strategy for the selected company is the global strategy. The reason behind this is that there are benefits of adapting to the global strategy. The company would be able to gain access to the mineral resources of the Canada and would enjoy the benefits of the economies of scale. There is also the high potential for the demand of the product globally. 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