Personality Analysis of Anthony Kiedis Essay - 754 Words

Samantha Selody Professor Dana Nelson Theories of Personality 10 October 2012 Personality Analysis of Anthony Kiedis Anthony Kiedis was often considered a â€Å"trouble maker† from a young age. By the third grade, he had developed a real resentment toward the school administration and teachers because if anything went wrong, he would be routinely pulled out of class and considered to be the cause of the problem. Because Anthony did not have any good male role models early on in his life, he developed a problem with authority figures and had no one to rein in any antisocial behavior (Kiedis, 2004, p. 19). Anthony moved to Hollywood, California to live with his father in 1974 at the age of twelve. Anthony’s father, John Michael Kiedis†¦show more content†¦185). This trait was most likely reinforced by his father who would also be high on this scale. One of Anthony’s favorite assignments in school was writing. His English teacher noticed that he had a gift for writing and encouraged him to continue to write. Anthony describes this as â€Å"a bell that wouldn’t stop ringing for the rest of his life† (Kiedis, 2004, p. 38). Anthony was also a big risk taker. He often devised schemes with his friends to obtain alcohol from homeless people. However, he eventually realized that he could just steal it himself, so he began to do just that. Anthony stole basically anything he wanted, whenever he wanted and was never caught or punished for it. This positive reinforcement fed in to his degree of openness to new experiences. Anthony was always seeking a thrill, and by observing his father, he recognized that he could get excitement by doing drugs, drinking, having sex and doing outrageous activities. It is important to note that all of these things occurred early in his life and throughout his adolescence. His actions were validated by his father and imitated by his friends who thought that he was having a great time. However, although he frequently abused drugs, Kiedis maintained his grades in school. Kiedis explains that, â€Å"I smoked a ton of pot, took pills,Show MoreRelatedCatcher in the Rye Song Project2065 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Under the Bridge† – Red Hot Chili Peppers Analysis In this song, the lead singer, Anthony Kiedis, is describing how after a drug addiction he moved to a different city to start a new life. This relates to Holden in Catcher in the Rye because after he was kicked out of school he had a hard decision to make. He either could go to his home before his parents knew about the expulsion, or he could run away to New York. Anthony and Holden both choose to go to the city. Also in the song and the book,Read MoreComparative Analysis of Two Producers Essay3407 Words   |  14 PagesBAP210.1 Report Comparative Analysis of Two Producers Rochelle Heffernan (104371) The following report introduces two producers I draw inspiration from, and am influenced by; Rick Rubin and Ken Scott. Firstly to critically analyze their bodies of work we must first understand the role of a producer and what classifies an individual as a producer or engineer. A producer must be able to oversee and effectively manage the recording

The Economics Of Climate Change - 1384 Words

Tristan Ridley English 102 Professor Pontillo 28 January 2016 The Economics of Climate Change The world economy is a very complex system; in the system harmful externalities disrupt capital flows and determine economic productivity. Most notable of these externalities is inadvertent global warming. Spending towards research and regulation of climate change at both the national and international level are very important in determining current and future business trends. Economists and scientists worldwide continuously debate the pros and cons of emissions reduction and what consequences can quickly follow. Though many have different views on the issue, all can agree that the immediate and long term effects of climate change have become an economic matter of paramount importance. The sweeping impact from climate change will have important fiscal, financial, and macroeconomic ramifications that influence global commerce standards. â€Å"In the absence of concerted action by the world’s governments, anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions will cause global temperatures to increase between 3 and 8 degrees Fahrenheit over the next century† (Ranson 2). Gradually, this rise in temperature causes changing precipitation patterns, rising sea levels, and a decrease in snow cover that enables a broad range of climatic shifts to take place. Considering such sudden environmental decay, there is a very limited time frame to gather scientific data that shape public and foreign policy. Therefore,Show MoreRelatedThe Economics Of Climate Change1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe Economics of Climate Change The world economy is a very complex system; in the system harmful externalities disrupt capital flows and determine economic productivity. 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From the perspective of meteorology, The climate change refers to a specific location, time of regional or global climate change or conversion, based on the all of the conditions associated with the average weather characteristicsRead MoreEconomics of Carbon Emissions and Climate Change1109 Words   |  4 PagesEconomics of Carbon Emissions and Climate Change The economics of climate change is a very controversial and disputed. To even discuss what should be done economists have to either state whether or not global warming and climate change exist. According to the CATO article, Climate Change vs. Climate Models (Michaels and Knappenberger, 2013), â€Å"The models’ estimate of the increase in temperature resulting from a doubling of carbon dioxide concentration may simply be too high.† As questioned in theRead MoreClimate Change And Its Effects On Economic Growth Essay8671 Words   |  35 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 Background †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 1.4 Climate change adaptation and mitigation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 1.7 Problem Statement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..... 11 1.8 Objectives of the study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 13 1.9 Research questions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 1.10 Significance of the study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 2.0 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.. 16 2Read MoreEconomic, Environmental, And Social Repercussions Of Climate Change In Canada1798 Words   |  8 Pagesput forth so as to inform readers about what is really going on in Alberta. 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International Business Expansion and Country Analysis

Question: Describe about the International Business Expansion and Country Analysis. Answer: Introduction: Rationale behind selecting the country: The fisheries companies in Canada are one of the oldest sectors having the bright future opportunities. The increased profits from the Canadian fisheries have made it an attractive exploration target. The country has been processing fisheries and base for almost 150 years. The reason for selecting Canada as the country for the expansion of the business of Maldives Industrial Fisheries Company (MIFCL) is that Canadas fisheries industry is the major driver and employer in the communities of Canada and provides the vast opportunities for the expansion of the fisheries activities in the country and is one of the most valuable fishing industries all over the world (Fertelet al.2013). Canada is the second largest country of the world and the country has a strong adherence to the French and Britain tradition. One of the primary industries in Canada is the fisheries industries and is the economic mainstay of approx 15000 communities in the Coastal and rural areas of Canada. Canada is one of the leading countries in the field of fisheries and contributes to the commercial landed fish species in huge way. The fisheries industry is also the contributor to the Canadian economy. The country in the 16th century has emerged and the growth in the fisheries industries was expanded. The fisheries of Canada is intrinsic to the regional identities and the Maritimes of the country developed the large own fleet and lumbering, trading and ship building reinforced the coastal economy. The great lake fishery of Canada went through major changes in the composition of species and the fisheries company had adapted to the individual quotas and this made them gained a strong voice in the management which is provincially controlled. In the early 2000s, the fisheries in Canada were slowed down but it was regarded as the potentially stable sector. The value of export attributable from the fisheries during the year 2012 was over $ 3 billion. The sector of fisheries supported communities all over the country. The fish harvesters retained their traditional elements of self-reliant and adventure and they continued to gain in field of management and co research (Hutchings and Post 2013). Literature review and critical analysis: Pestle analysis of Canada: Political aspect- The Canadas political system functions within the federal system of the parliamentary government and has strong traditions of democracy and framework of the parliamentary democracy. The unemployment in Canada caused a major recession after the global financial crisis in the year 2008. The unemployment rate in Canada stands at 8.6%. The labor market in Canada lost about 224000 permanent jobs and 162000 full time jobs between October 2008 and 2010 (Fertelet al. 2013). Economic aspect One of the wealthiest nations in the world is Canada and the GDP of the country stands at US $ 1.75 trillion. The country is ranked tenth among the top trading nations. The country has been transformed from the agrarian economy to such economic structure that is urban and industrial. The country is ranked seventh and is the largest exporter of seafood and fisheries. The value of export of fish during the year 2014 is 4.9 billion and the largest export market is United States. This is due to the impressive growth of the fisheries, manufacturing and the service sectors in Canada. The fishing sector provided direct jobs to more than 80000 Canadians. The trade relation of Canada with the US has led to the dramatic improvement and the US is the largest foreign investor, which make the investment in the fisheries and for the fish harvesters (Keeling and Sandlos2015). Social aspect- The culture of Canada is fun, warmhearted, easygoing, polite, and kind. The culture and traditions of Canada has been influenced by the culture of French and Britain. The art, music, language and aboriginal people influence the identity of Canadian. The culture of Canada is being regarded as inherently multicultural there is multiculturalism in the cultural of Canada ). Legal aspect- The Legal system of Canada has its foundation in the common law system of Britain, whichis inherited from the former colony of the UK and afterwards a member of the common wealth of nations. The legal system is subjected to the constitution of Canada. The constitution of Canada is of the supreme law and the law passed by the federal, territorial government would be regarded as invalid if it were not consistent with the constitution (Sandlos and Keeling 2015). Technological aspect- The fisheries industries in Canada has the respected control system and fisheries inspection. Fisheries industries is emerging as one of the most technologically advanced sectors in Canada has one of the diverse industries and at least 12000 people are employed in this sector. The country offers a wide variety of fishes that is sustainably harvested from all across the country. Environmental aspect-The department of the environment of Canada coordinates the environmental programmes and policies. This also provides for the enhancement and preserving of the renewable resources and natural environment. The climate of Canada is not cold throughout the year and the temperature falls below the freezing point during the winter. The climate is relatively mild in the southwestern coast. Southeastern and western Canada experiences high rainfall (Thistle and Langston 2016). Risk identification from the macro environmental factors- Cost associated with the fisheries activities-The cost of carrying out the fisheries activities is ever rising in Canada due to the increase in the commodity price and continuing acceleration in the production. The Maldives Industrial Fisheries Company needs to formulate some strategies and bring the cost under control. This would be done by understanding the cost driver, enhancing the energy efficiency. Labor crunch- There is the risk of shortage of the labor to power the growth of the fisheries company. The company needs to apply the workplace planning and introduce the cross training at the industry level. Capital project quandaries- Due to the fluctuation in the price of commodities and the widening of the gap between the supply and demand, the capital project concerning fisheries would be mounting. Therefore, the fisheries companies needs to manage the risks so as to achieve the objective of steady production. Analyzing the national competitiveness of target market using the Porters Diamond model: Factor conditions- The position of Canada in terms of basic factor of production such as land, infrastructure, labor, natural resources. The factor condition also includes the advanced and the specialized pool of skills, infrastructure and technology, which has been tailored to meet the needs of particular industries operating in the country. The country is blessed with the rich abundance of natural resources and the advanced factors are a source of providing international advantage to the expanding company. The physical resources of Canada include a wide variety of nonrenewable and renewable resources encompassing foresting land, metals and minerals, energy and fisheries. The specialized infrastructure of the country provides the sustainable competitive advantage to the particular industries (Vaillancour and Waaub 2012). Demand conditions-This condition tells about the nature of the demand of the home market for the output of local industries. In this context, the thing, which is of particular importance, is the presence of the local customers who are sophisticated and demanding that forms a pressure on the firms to make the innovation in the product. The needs of such customers help in anticipating the needs of the industries and companies. The emerging needs of the buyers in Canada are understood by the nature of the home demands. The industries in Canada have not been upgraded and the scope of innovation across the industries is constrained by the low cost orientation of the industrial buyers in Canada. The initial sales of the industries are mainly focused in the foreign market due to the conservative pattern in the adoption of technology (Vaillancourt and Waaub 2012). Firm structure, strategy and rivalry-This is another determinant of the national competitive advantage. The nature and the strategies of the company depend heavily on the national environment. The way in which the firms compete with each other depends on the difference between the business sectors of the different countries. If the Maldives Industrial Fisheries Company faces domestic rivalry in Canada, this would force the expanding company to be cost competitive and help it in becoming competitive and improving the quality. The international competitiveness of the company is determined by the international competitiveness of the company in which it is expanding. The firm in Canada has been forced to adapt to several strategies. The inclination on the cost based strategies is provided by the abundance of factor in Canada which has nurtured it. The foreign forms are prompted to establish the branch in Canada which is oriented solely to the domestic market of the country and this is du e to the fact that the domestic industry are traditionally exposed to high tariff (Ajami et al. 2012). Related and Supporting Industries- This tells us about the absence and presence of the internationally competitive industries and the other related suppliers in the country. The determinant includes the local suppliers that have specialized inputs such as components, services and machinery. This would help in the innovation of the industry by determining the factors that are integral to the innovation. The local companies in the fisheries industries that would relate by the skills, customers and technology is also included (Basuet al. 2015). Evaluating the industrial environment of Canada using the Porters Five forces model: Threat of new entrants- The main barriers to the new entrant in the fisheries sector is the high cost of financing. A huge amount of capital is required to set up the fisheries into production. Canada being the seventh largest exporter of sea food would attract many fisheries companies to invest and Maldives Industrial Fisheries Company may face tough competition from them. Customer bargaining power- The customers switch to another company in order to curb the costs and the Canadian market of fisheries holds the positive image in the mind of customers. As there are not many substitutes available to the consumers in the domestic market of Canada and the bargaining power of the customers is reduced. The impact of the price increases would get diminish as the intended company expanding in Canada focuses on retraining the long term relationship with the customers. Since the global macro environment is expected to stabilize. The upcoming position of the company is likely to be strong (Buckley 2016). Supplier bargaining power- The supplier of components, services and raw materials are the source of power over the firm. If the company has a fewer choice of suppliers and is in need of the more suppliers, then the more powerful are the suppliers. The barriers from the supplier come from the fact that gaining permits from the mines can be quite difficult factor. The rules and regulation concerning the fisheries sector can be hindrance in establishing the fisheries by the Maldives Industrial fisheries companies (Cavusgil et al. 2014). Competitive rivalry-The Maldives Industrial fisheries company would not compete on the price basis because it is set by the market. However, the companies would compete for land and Canada ha abundant sources of natural resources. The power of the company depends upon the reserves that the company is having and the discovery about the activities and scope of exploration depends upon the first come and first server basis. Availability of substitutes-The Canada has the availability of substitutes in terms of fisheries and is from top Atlantic species such as snow crab, lobster, scallops, shrimps, Greenland Turbot. Canada has largest and most diversified fisheries in the world. However, in regard to the Maldives Industrial fisheries services, the available substitutes for raw materials is low and would be strongly placed due to the board and the diversified portfolio and would not be able to counter the threat of substitutes (De Jong 2013). Product readiness for internationalization: Assessment of the product concerning the domestic market that is Maldives: The company has its major operation in Maldives and has a diversified portfolio of assets and is a renowned natural resources company. The company has its major operation and is based in Maldives and supplies the product such as yellow fin tuna, canned, frozen fish meal, smoked dried tuna. The company is engaged in processing of products of fishes in Maldives. The company is the largest operators of fisheries and has the setup of plants across the country to fulfill the global and the local requirement. However the demand and supply of fishes would get impacted by the rising cost of operations and the impact of the global warming which would affect the sea temperature and the consumption pattern of the people in Maldives is another impacting factor. The competency of company lies in fisheries sector and the fishing activities contribute to 11% GDP of Maldives (Forsgren and Johanson 2014). Assessment of the product concerning the foreign market: Maldives Industrial Fisheries Company Limited has been looking for the global opportunities due to the natural resources that are available and is accessible and has been discovered by the company. The company has sold its product to many countries such as south East Asia, United Kingdom, Europe without operating there. The company has focused on the international market by introducing range of products. The major products of company that is exported to the European Union and Asian market are frozen raw material and canned fish products. The operation in the UK is comfortably placed and it is the oldest supplier of canned tuna in Germany. The market growth in Thailand has grown significantly and the market base has expanded (Islam and Berkes 2016). Cultural analysis using Holfstede model: The cultural analysis of Canada is done by using the Holfstede model and the analysis is done based on six cultural dimensions of the country. Using this model, one country is distinguishing with another by using the cultural dimensions, which represents the independent preferences, about one state of affairs over another. The six dimensions comprised of power distance index, masculinity versus femininity, individualism versus collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, indulgence versus restraint, short-term normative orientation versus long term orientation (Holfstede et al. 2013). In the analysis of culture of Canada, the home country selected for distinguishing is the home country of MIFCL. Cultural elements Home country condition (Maldives) Host country (Canada) Individualism versus collectivism Score is 35 in this dimension. There is degree of interdependence among the members of society. The culture of Maldives is highly individualist. The promotion and the hiring of employees are based on merit. Score is 80 on this dimension and the culture is characterized as the individualist culture. The society is a loosely knit and similar to its neighbor in the south that is America. The expected culture is that the people in the society look after their family. In the corporate world, the employees are expected to take initiative and be self-reliant. The promotion decisions and hiring is done based on the merits. Power distance Score is 80 on this dimension and the society is relatively hierarchical. The hierarchy in Maldives organization is established for the purpose of convenience. The information between the employees and the managers are shared frequently and the communication is informative, direct, participative and informal. The score 39 on this dimension. The culture is marked by the interdependence among the inhabitants and there is the lack of distinction among the class of society. The straightforward exchange of information is valued in Canada. The reason for the creation of hierarchy in the Canadian organization is basically for convenience and the manager relies on the team and individual employees for the expertise. It is customary on the part of the employees to communicate freely with the other employees. Uncertainty avoidance Score is intermediate 45 on this dimension and the Maldivians does not indicate the strong preference Score is 48 on this dimension and the culture of Canada is more uncertainty accepting. This is indicative of the fact that people are willing to accept to the new ideas and try something different and new pertaining to the business practice, technology and products. There is freedom of expression and people are tolerant to new opinions. The culture of Canada is more oriented. Masculinity versus femininity Australia scores 10 in this and the society is regarded as the masculine society. Conflict resolution takes place at the individual level and winning is the goal. The people are proud of the success and achievements Score is 52 on this dimension and the society of Canada is characterized as the masculine society. The overall cultural tone of Canada is more subdued when compared to Australia about the success, achievement and winning. There is high standard of performance in both play and work and Canadians strive to attain it in all endeavors. The employees are likely to maintain life-work balance and its time taking them to enjoy life, personal pursuits and family gatherings. Attitude to times The Maldivians place importance in allotting their tine to leisure and fun. A high degree of importance is placed on the leisure time. Indulgence versus restraint No score for Maldivians on this dimension and the country is regarded as indulgent country. Score is 68 on this dimension and the culture is classified indulgent. The society is classified as indulgent, which exhibit the willingness and desire in regard to having fun and enjoying life and realizing the impulse. People are optimistic and are of positive attitude. Long term orientation versus short term orientation Score is 45 on this dimension, the culture of Maldives is regarded as normative culture, and the culture has the greater respect for tradition. The society maintains the link with the past while dealing with the future and present. Score is 36 on this dimension and the culture of Canada is classified as normative society. People are normative in thinking and are concerned with establishing the absolute truth. Identification of cultural risk: The culture of Canada is regarded as the production laggard and the growth in the business of Canada is currently hindered by the unwillingness of Canadians businesses to make critical investments. Therefore, the culture of Canada is regarded to be of conservative type when it comes to make investment decisions. There is the culture of risk aversion and conservatism, which act as an obstacle in attaining the global competitive advantage. The culture of Canada lacks the entrepreneurial spirits and the people are little timid and of shy nature which restricts the Canadian from taking the financial decisions (Verbeke 2013). Analysis of entry strategies: The entry strategies for the MIFCL would be the joint venture. The creation of the joint venture is the formation of partnership that leads the creation of the independently managed company. The two companies would agree to carry out their operation in the particular market either based on product or geographically. The risk and profits of the newly formed company are normally shared equally. This would enable the company to learn from other, the strategic goals of the partners should converge, and there is a divergence in the competitive goals. The venturing is controlled through the coordination and negotiation. The assets are managed and operated by the Joint ventures. If the company uses the strategy of joint ventures as the entry strategy, the company would be able to participate in the original discover of fisheries and harvesters. This joint venture contract is for the long term purpose and the processing of the fisheries would take place with the facilities of the joint venture. The company has its operation with the joint ventures in many other countries. The partnership is on the proportional basis. The capital outlay of the MIFCL would be shared with any of the fisheries companies of Canada. If the alliance is formed with the business that is indigenous then the intervention of the government is reduced and simultaneously the risk is also reduced. The company would be able to gain better local market intelligence which would be provided by the partner of the joint venture (Poulis et al. 2013). However, there can be the conflict of interest between the parties regarding the invested amount, sharing of profits, management, marketing strategy. Analysis of internationalization strategy: Global strategies are aimed at achieving the objectives of international expansion and comprise of three types of the international expansion. The expansion of the company mainly arises from its capability, resources and the current position that it is holding at the international level. In this case, the world is treated by the organization as one market and there is only the one supply source having little variations. The competitive advantage of the company is developed on the global basis. The global strategy would provide the company with the economies of scale and scope and with the lower cost of labor and global brand recognition (Stahl and Tung 2014). International strategy- This is the global plan that is specific to the company, it is the action taken by the multinational, and the strategy is based on the resources of the home market. The company would be provided with the large base of the customers Transnational strategy- The Company opting for this strategy seeks for the middle ground between the global strategy and multi-domestic strategy. This type of company tries to balance the desire for the efficiency and within the various countries; there is the need to adjust to the local preferences. Recommendation and conclusions: SWOT analysis to summarize the overall findings- Strength-The fisheries opportunities in Canada are huge and provided a broad scope of entrepreneurial opportunities and employment and benefit all the area of province. The company expanding the business would be benefitted with the wide opportunities offered. One of the safest industries in Canada is the fisheries and is the largest employer in the private sector. There are huge of people directly employed in the base fisheries of Canada. The population of Canada is relatively healthy and has healthy population of fish. Co management and the success of fisheries is another opportunity and the association of fisheries is strong and effective. There is many IQ fisheries management to the fishing industries. Weakness-The people of Canada are risk averse and are conserved and there is a lack of the entrepreneur skills. There are many mining industries in Canada and the MIFCL would face a tough competition with those companies. There is lack of economies of scale due to increased cost of labor and there is poor market concerning few species such as chum and oink salmon. The government and industry are reluctant in changing and cooperating. The fisheries industry in Canada does not have adequate financial rewards which is the reason behind the lack of crew labor. Opportunity-The Canada is the leading country in the harvesting of fisheries and it would remain the major global fisheries industry which is supported by the stable operating environment and vast reserves. The fishery industry is heavily reliant on trade, which would give MIFCL many opportunities. The province can improve the processing by bulk zoning the broad areas of aquaculture development. Threats- There is the potential of decline in the resources due to climatic changes and urban encroachment. There is uncertainty in the process of claiming aboriginal land. The dollar of Canada is strengthening which would be threat to MIFCL and there is the lack of support from public and community in supporting the commercial fishery. The recommended entry strategy for MIFCL is the joint ventures, as it would provide the company with the ample benefits. The company would be able to look into the original sources of exploration and harvesting of fishes. The partnership of the selected company using the joint ventures would act as the source of supply for the host country. The financial strength of the company would be strengthened and there is the sharing of the risk. The company would be able to know how the process, the technology, and the combination of the foreign partner with the local in depth knowledge would boost the ability of the newly managed company. The recommended internationalization strategy for the selected company is the global strategy. The reason behind this is that there are benefits of adapting to the global strategy. The company would be able to gain access to the mineral resources of the Canada and would enjoy the benefits of the economies of scale. There is also the high potential for the demand of the product globally. The competitive strategies of the company would be controlled by the home office of the country. Since Canada has the adequate fisheries resources, the company is able to buy the raw material in bulk and thus saving on the cost and enjoying economies of scale. Recommendation for dealing with the cultural differences: Familiarizing with the basics of culture of the host company, that is Canada and the company needs to get acquainted with the culture and learn about the cultural competence Conducting research of the target market since the decision making, ideologies and demand of customers varies greatly with the culture Being acquainted with the needs of the customers is an important aspect to overcome the cultural differences. References: Ajami, R., Cool, K., Goddard, J.G. and Khambata, D.M., 2014.International business: Theory and practice. Routledge. Ball, D., Geringer, M., Minor, M. and McNett, J., 2012.International business. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Buckley, P.J., 2016.International business: economics and anthropology, theory and method. Springer. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014.International business. Pearson Australia. Chidlow, A., Plakoyiannaki, E. and Welch, C., 2014. Translation in cross-language international business research: Beyond equivalence.Journal of International Business Studies,45(5), pp.562-582. Czinkota, M.R., Moffett, M.H. and Rokainen, I.A., 2015.Fundamentals of international business. Wessex. De Jong, E., 2013.Culture and economics: on values, economics and international business. Routledge. Sitkin, A. and Bowen, N., 2013.International business: challenges and choices. Oxford University Press. de Kerckhove, D.T., Minns, C.K. and Shuter, B.J., 2013. The length of environmental review in Canada under the Fisheries Act.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,70(4), pp.517-521. Dunning, J.H., 2012.International Production and the Multinational Enterprise (RLE International Business). Routledge. Dunning, J.H., 2013.Multinationals, Technology Competitiveness (RLE International Business)(Vol. 13). Routledge. Ertug, G., Cuypers, I.R., Noorderhaven, N.G. and Bensaou, B.M., 2013. Trust between international joint venture partners: Effects of home countries.Journal of International Business Studies,44(3), pp.263-282. Fertel, C., Bahn, O., Vaillancourt, K. and Waaub, J.P., 2013. Canadian energy and climate policies: A SWOT analysis in search of federal/provincial coherence.Energy policy,63, pp.1139-1150. Foley, P., 2013. National government responses to Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) fisheries certification: insights from Atlantic Canada.New Political Economy,18(2), pp.284-307. Forsgren, M. and Johanson, J., 2014.Managing networks in international business. Routl Griffin, R.W. and Pustay, M.W., 2012.International business. Pearson Higher Ed. Hamilton, L. and Webster, P., 2015.The international business environment. Oxford University Press, USA. Hill, C.W., Cronk, T. and Wickramasekera, R., 2013.Global business today. McGraw-Hill Education (Australia). Hofstede, G.J., Jonker, C.M. and Verwaart, T., 2013. A model of culture in trading agents. InModels for intercultural collaboration and negotiation(pp. 67-95). Springer Netherlands. Hutchings, J.A. and Post, J.R., 2013. Gutting Canada's Fisheries Act: no fishery, no fish habitat protection.Fisheries,38(11), pp.497-501. Islam, D. and Berkes, F., 2016. Can small-scale commercial and subsistence fisheries co-exist? Lessons from an indigenous community in northern Manitoba, Canada.Maritime Studies,15(1), p.1. Jenkins, R., 2013.Transnational Corporations and Uneven Development (RLE International Business): The Internationalization of Capital and the Third World. Routledge. Johanson, J. and Mattsson, L.G., 2015. Internationalisation in industrial systemsa network approach. InKnowledge, Networks and Power(pp. 111-132). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Kincaid, K.B. and Rose, G.A., 2014. Why fishers want a closed area in their fishing grounds: Exploring perceptions and attitudes to sustainable fisheries and conservation 10 years post closure in Labrador, Canada.Marine Policy,46, pp.84-90. KneÃ… ¾evi?, B. and Wach, K. eds., 2014.International Business from the Central European Perspective. University of Zagreb, Faculty of Economics and Business. Lambsdorff, J.G., 2013. Corrupt intermediaries in international business transactions: between make, buy and reform.European Journal of Law and Economics,35(3), pp.349-366. Poulis, K., Poulis, E. and Plakoyiannaki, E., 2013. The role of context in case study selection: An international business perspective.International Business Review,22(1), pp.304-314. Stahl, G.K. and Tung, R.L., 2014. Towards a more balanced treatment of culture in international business studies: The need for positive cross-cultural scholarship.Journal of International Business Studies,46(4), pp.391-414. Team, F.M.E., 2013. PESTLE Analysis.Strategy Skills. Thistle, J. and Langston, N., 2016. Entangled histories: Iron ore mining in Canada and the United States.The Extractive Industries and Society,3(2), pp.269-277. Vaillancourt, K. and Waaub, J.P., 2012. Canadian Energy and Climate Policies: A SWOT Analysis in Search for Federal/Provincial Coherence C. Fertel, O. Bahn. Verbeke, A., 2013.International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Wild, J., Wild, K.L. and Han, J.C., 2014.International business. Pearson Education Limited. www.mifco.com

Lindahl Pricing and Equilibrium free essay sample

Lindahl Pricing and Equilibrium – Proof of Pareto Optimality A Lindahl equilibrium is a method for finding the efficient level of provision for public goods. Recall that for public goods, in equilibrium all agents consume the same quantity but may face different prices1. As it is framed in our textbook, the Lindahl equilibrium occurs when the perunit price paid by each agent sums to the total per unit cost of the public good. The Graph We start with a good ol’ fashioned demand curve for a public good. The lower the price of the good, the more Person 1 wants to consume. Now imagine that the dashed horizontal line is the full price of the good. At this point, the demand curve makes it look like Person 1 will demand very little. But what if rather than the price dropping, the percentage of the price he have to pay goes down? As far as Person 1 is concerned, this is equivalent to the price he sees going down, so he’ll demand more. We will write a custom essay sample on Lindahl Pricing and Equilibrium or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Full price Price * 50% Price * 25% Price * 0% D1 Qfull price QPrice * 50% QPrice * 25% Q Now lets look at another demand curve (Person 2). This person sees the vertical axis flipped the other way around, with the full price on the bottom and percentage decreasing as one moves upward. Like Person 1, Person 2 will demand more as her observed price goes down. Price * 0% D2 Price * 50% Full price Qfull price 1 QPrice * 50% Q This differs from equilibrium of private goods, which instead has all agents viewing the same price with the possibility to consume different quantities. Prepared by Nick Sanders, UC Davis Graduate Department of Economics 2006 Again, note that here Person 2’s observed price going down means we move further up the vertical axis. Equilibrium is when both of these people demand the same amount of the public good. This happens when the two demand curves intersect each other. If we draw a line over to the price axis from that point of intersection, we get the percentage share for each agent that is required to get that price. Person 2 P*55% Full price = P Person 1 P*45% Q* D2 D1 Q So Person 1 is paying P*45% per unit, Person 2 is paying P*55% per unit, and the economy produces Q* units. Here we have a Lindahl equilibrium, and the corresponding prices are called Lindahl prices. But is it a Pareto Optimal (PO) equilibrium? As they say in mathematical circles, Q. E. D. 2 ! The Issues As with all good ideas in economics, there are some issues with real world applications of the Lindahl equilibrium. For one, it assumes that we know each individuals preferences. What if people intentionally hide their true willingness to pay? This starts getting into the â€Å"free rider† problem issue again, where people decide to let others cover the costs, but reap the benefits themselves. Even if we DID know exactly what everyone’s preferences were, things would still get significantly more complicated as there were more and more people involved in the discussion. It’s one thing to get two people to agree on some provision of a public good, but getting a city of 100,000 people to do so is just plain nuts3. 2 It’s an abbreviation for the Latin phrase â€Å"quod erat demonstrandum†, or â€Å"that which was to be demonstrated†. It basically means the proof is done . . . use it to impress your friends and family. 3 Basically, that means we’re dealing with up to 100,000 prices for just one good. This makes finding an equilibrium much, much harder. Prepared by Nick Sanders, UC Davis Graduate Department of Economics 2006

The Human Genome project and its revolutionary insight to the genetic blue print of the human body

Abstract Human genome is a contemporary scientific revolution that seeks to find the cure for serious human diseases. For many years, incurable diseases have killed many people, but the new discoveries in the cure for these diseases have given hope to those who are suffering from incurable diseases.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Human Genome project and its revolutionary insight to the genetic blue print of the human body specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Human Genome sciences mainly seek to find new therapeutic ways of treating those deadly diseases that prove to be fatal and improve the chances of survival for many hopeless patients. This scientific project usually involves the application of DNA sequence to develop certain types of protein combined with anti-body drug. Since its discovery in 1992, human genome project has gained success within the field of biopharmaceutical industry by discovering various treatment drugs for cancer, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, rheumatoid arthritis and other incurable diseases. Already, the clinical trials have proven to be successful and this industry is growing daily in spite of the serious implications that accompanies it. The genome research has provided many social and economic benefits to the society today. The Human Genome project and its revolutionary insight to the genetic blue print of the human body The human genome project is a scientific application of biotechnology to develop pharmaceuticals by identifying the problematic proteins in the body. Some of these proteins may have defects; some may be in excess or may also be totally absent from the body. Therefore, the technology is used to engineer the protein or similar molecules to repair the problems in the body (Gad, 2007 Cantor Smith, 1999). Although, the human genome project promises a revolutionary insight to the genetic blue print of the human beings, its application has raised some se rious social, ethical, and economic implications. This paper will consider the social, ethical, and economic implications that have emerged from the application of this project. The paper also seeks to discuss its relationship to the broader context of genetic engineering and its applications by examining the application of frank stein metaphor and its potentiality for genetic engineering. Genome is a general term that includes the entire DNA organism and the genes that store and transmit all the proteins that are used therein. It is the proteins stored therein that decide the general component and behavior of the organism and its ability to fight against viral infection (Barnes Dupre, 2008). For many years, scientists have attempted to find the therapeutic solution to the incurable diseases that continue to kill many people around the world. However, in 1992, a breakthrough was found in human genome project (Barnes Dupre, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Toriello (2003) explains that it is the decoding of the mollecular arrangement in the chromosomes, part of the reproductive cells, which is mostly found in human body. Scientists and doctors believe that human genome is the genetic blue print that forms the core elements of the physical and behavioral traits of every human individual. These traits are passed through inheritance to their offspring (Toriello, 2003). One of the main goals of human genome project is to undertake research into the genetic makeup of non-human species, especially laboratory mouse, fruit fly and many others (Cantor Smith, 1999). The DNA variations of human beings is what is being used by scientists to diagnose, treat and somewhat prevent various diseases and disorders that affects human beings. Scientists also use DNA to determine individual’s biological make up, natural abilities and how to solve challenges that face hum an reproduction, food production, environmental effects, health care and social welfare (Murray, 1996). However, Human genome project does not operate in isolation, but involves other scientific disciplines like genetic engineering, molecular biology, eugenics, biochemistry, and bio-pharmacology (Cantor Smith, 1999). Cooper states that the aim of the human genome project is to identify and learn the sequences of the thousands of genes or DNA that mostly determine the characteristics and development of phenotype (Cooper, 1994). Scientists have discovered that the solution lies with the scaling and purification of antibodies. Therefore, in conjunction with biopharmaceutical companies, they employed the use of commercial proteins for treating human diseases (Gottschalk, 2009).The antibodies are commercially produced in large scale in the laboratories by involving cultured cells from mammal tissues, which are then grown in a safe environment to produce human drugs. The process of purif ying these antibodies to produce proteins from mammals like mice have not just faced many challenges, but also raised many questions as well as raising many serious implications. Today, these therapeutic antibodies are widely available in the clinical markets around the world (Gottschalk, 2009). Although, genetics has become an important part of medical practice and treatment, its implementation has not only made an impact on health care, but also raised many ethical implications (Murray, 1996). Murray also argued that it has reinvented the new meaning of the relationship between patients and physicians thus, revolutionizing the ‘social institutions, legal provisions and economic arrangements’ of this relationship ( Murray 1996:17). Some of the ethical implications of genetic research touches on informed consent , privacy and confidentiality. It is imperative that all the research subjects or participants have been informed and their consent obtained before any research has been done on them. The subjects also need to be fully prepared before and have been educated on the risks and benefits of research process.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Human Genome project and its revolutionary insight to the genetic blue print of the human body specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, there are possibilities of psychosocial risks that may arise such as stigma, guilt, identity crisis and false results that may adversely affect the patient. It is important that all the participants are reassured and their confidential information and identity maintained. Having an access to and disclosure of genetic information are other factors that must be addressed appropriately. Additionally, the researchers also need to give or lay down clear procedures on how to collect the genetic samples and how to conduct the research (Boon, 2002). Furthermore, the process and procedure for collecting and storing the research samples such as blood, tissue, saliva and other kinds of body fluids for future must be properly done. To obtain such information, one needs to follow the proper channel. Such a research may affect children most compared to adults. Children who take part in such a research may face possible long-term consequences like social stigma and or even institutional discrimination (Boon, 2002). Genetic research raises the question determining the sexual orientation. Lone (1999) argues that the use of genetic research to determine the sexual behaviors and orientation may have serious controversies and consequences in the family. For instance, the information may be used to harm the unborn children who may have homosexual orientation and those who are born may be forced to seek medical treatment or discriminated against. Moreover, it may lead couples to choose the sex of the child they want to have leading to abortions. Unfortunately, genetic research and information can be used negatively, to discriminate people who are perceived to have some form of mental disorders, unintelligent or with physical defects or those of different races leading to what are referred to as Eugenics or racial purity (Barnes Dupre, 2008). In fact, some writers even argue that genome project is a result of Eugenic sequence, which was performed to control the human populations. Eugenics is a scientific study for depopulation of human species by controlling the reproduction of people perceived to have defects or presumed to suffer from undesirable inheritable characters. This may include people suffering from mental or physical disorders or disabilities (Smoller et al, 2008). This may have serious social and political implications if used in Nazi style to control the population (Lioyd, 2008, p. 57). In a way, it may result to another holocaust or ethnic cleansing.Advertising Looking for essay on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Genetic Engineering includes factors such as gene cloning, gene therapy, gene manipulation, gene modification, and recombinant DNA technology. The genetic research has also been used to study the brain stem cells thus leading to revolutionary treatment of mental diseases and psychotic disorders. However, the manner in which this research is conducted on animals and then tested on human beings is believed to have led the patients to drug abuse. Scientists therefore apply medical technology to identify the gene variations and separate the chromosomes connected to different or same species. The moral objection of this practice raises the question of manipulation of human genome, seen by the religious circles as playing God. The debate over genetic engineering has heated up since 1980s touching on the theories of evolution, sexuality, gender and philosophy of biology (Lioyd, 2008). However, the emergence and development of genetic engineering in the modern age mirrors the horrors of Fra nkenstein myth and fictions on embryonic research. According to Mulkay (1996, 157), the genetic research is a realization of â€Å"Frankenstein dream of systematic, science based control over the control over the creation of human beings†, being practiced today in fertility clinics. Although, Frankenstein was dubbed as a mad scientist, his predictions about human manipulations through human genome project are fulfilled. From business perspectives, genome research and genetic treatment has attracted huge financial incentives. Many people are now turning focus on this therapy to solve their diseases. It is continuing to promise big financial pay offs, from genetically produced products continuing to change the lives of many people around the world. There have been massive development and expansion of biotechnological research and production with great financial rewards. This technology does not only deal with therapeutic advancement but also with agricultural production (Sulsto n Ferry, 2002). Genetic engineering has revolutionized and improved human survival who are somewhat threatened by drought, famine and other environmental disasters. This method is being used for sustainable agriculture in famine prone countries for commercial purposes in large scale. Genetic engineering has also improved human lives, especially life expectancy by treating the diseases that were considered incurable. Economically, it has provided millions with job opportunities in research institutions, clinics, and pharmaceutical companies. Conclusion This paper has examined the social, ethical, and economic implications of human genome project for the society and its potential for applications of the genetic research. It has looked at the arguments surrounding the genetic engineering and its applications to human beings. Largely, it has established that evolution of genetic engineering and its application in human life in areas such as IVY and embryonic treatment, which are largel y popular, were predicted in Frankstein horror movies. For many years, scientists and Doctors tried in vain the cure and therapeutic solution for incurable diseases and disorders including HIV /AIDS, diabetes, and cancer. However, the breakthrough has only come through the genetic research of which genome project plays a big part. Although, this genome research is hugely popular, its application and implementation has raised serious socio-economic, political, legal, and ethical implications. Some of the problems associated with this practice, includes eugenics that is the method of controlling human population, which somehow, has led to ethnic cleansing like the Nazi style. The other problems include the prediction of child sexual orientation and other disorders or defects before. This may lead to termination or discrimination of children who are considered undesirable or undeserving. Nevertheless, genetic research has become a multibillion-dollar income, with many people turning to it for treatment and food production. Both the pharmaceutical companies and bio technological research centers are making huge money out of this project. Genetic research has also improved human lives and survival through genetically modified food, IVF treatment giving hope to infertile men and women who could not have babies. More importantly, it has offered much the chance to survive some of the incurable diseases and given a longer life expectancy. Above all, it has given many, the hope of employment opportunities. There are many people who are now employed in genome research institutions, clinics and pharmaceutical industries. Bibliography Barnes, B., Dupre, J., 2008. Genomes and what to make of them. Chicago: University of Chicago press. Boon, K. A., 2002. The human genome project: what does decoding DNA mean for us?  Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers. Cantor, C. R., Smith, C. L., 1999. Genomics: the science and technology behind the  human genome project. New York : John Wiley. Cooper, N. G., 1994. The human genome project: deciphering the blueprint of heredity. Mill Valley, Calif: Univ. Science Books. Gad, S. C., 2007. Handbook of pharmaceutical biotechnology. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Gottschalk, U., 2009. Process scale purification of antibodies. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley Sons. Lioyd, E.A., 2008. Science, Politics, and Evolution. Leiden: Cambridge University Press. Lone, D.L., 1999. â€Å"Whose genes are they? The Human Genome Diversity Project†. J  Health Soc Policy 10 (4): 51–66. Mulkay, M., 1996. â€Å"Frankestein and the Debate over embryo research†. In Science,  Technology Human Values 21(2): 157-176. Murray, T. H., 1996. The human genome project and the future of health care. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press. Smoller, J. W., Sheidley, B. R., Tsuang, M. T., 2008. Psychiatric genetics:  applications in clinical practice. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Pub. Sulston, J., Ferry, G., 2002. The common thread a story of science, politics, ethics,  and the human genome. Washington, D.C: Joseph Henry Press. Toriello, J., 2003. The Human Genome Project. New York: Rosen Pub. Group. This essay on The Human Genome project and its revolutionary insight to the genetic blue print of the human body was written and submitted by user Emmitt G. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Should Same-Sex Marriages be Legally Recognized Essay Example

Should Same Should Same-Sex Marriages be Legally Recognized Essay Should Same-Sex Marriages be Legally Recognized Essay Should Same-Sex Marriages Be Legally Recognized? Abstract The issue on whether or not same-sex marriages should be legalized in the United States has been a major debate lately. Some believe this is a personal preference, which everyone is entitled to, and this should be left up to each partner as to whether or not they get married. Others believe this issue should most definitely not be legalized because they believe for it to be unconstitutional and sinful. This research will show the arguments for and against the issue and the pros and cons for each side of the debate. It will show why same-sex marriage is believed to be personal preference and, also, why some believe it is unconstitutional and sinful. This issue has caused a major uproar in the United States and hopefully our lawmakers can come to a conclusion in the near future. Introduction In the United States, marriage has always been between a man and a woman whom believe each other are their soul mate. Not only in recent years, but also in the past, some people are saying that a person of the opposite sex is not their soul mate so, eventually, they wish to marry the same sex. This has caused a major debate amongst Americans. While some people believe they should be able to marry anyone hey want, including the same sex, because they believe this is a personal preference, others completely disagree. The people who disagree do so because they believe this issue is unconstitutional and sinful. Eventually, everyone is going to have to come together and make the decision that will best suit our society. Arguments Allowing Same-Sex Marriages Those for same-sex marriages believe that same-sex couples should have the rights to the same marriage benefits and public acknowledgment enjoyed by heterosexual couples (Should Gay Marriage be Legal, 2013). For example, if their ratter is very sick and is in the hospital they may not get to see them because hospital policies state that only your spouse and family members are allowed in the more severe rooms and parts of the facility (Knockdowns). With this nears that partners have no say so when it comes to medical care decisions, or finances for that matter. It is sad when life-long partners are deprived of certain rights in situations like this one, but, at this time, it is still against the law, in most states. Another reason same-sex partners want to marry is because it could make it easier for them to adopt and expand their family. Allowing these partners to marry may also increase the United States adoption rate (Miserly, 2011). Like heterosexual couples, nonsexual couples want Tamales too. Wendell teen may not De addle to expand their family naturally, they can adopt and take a child in and raise him or her as their own. There are plenty of children in need of being adopted and allowing homosexual couples to marry and provide these children in need a place to live and call home is a wonderful thing. However, having parents of the same sex could possibly cause some gender role confusion later on in life for the child. Miserly, 2011) Same-sex partners Just want to be able to make marry who they love and be acknowledged by society so they, too, can receive the benefits of being married. Also, they feel that they are being discriminated against and infringed upon their right to equality (Knockdowns). Since the United States is a free country, these couples believe they should be able to do whatever with their life as they see fit, even if that includes marrying someone of the same sex. Arguments Against Same-Sex Marriages Those against same-sex marriages argue that altering the traditional definition of arraign as between a man and a woman will further weaken a threatened institution and that legalizing gay marriage is a slippery slope that may lead to polygamous and interspecies marriages (Should Gay Marriage be Legal, 2013). The marrying of these couples could weaken our family values overtime since the building blocks of our society and the thing that makes it strong is the traditional family of man, woman, and children. It is what has sustained us through two world wars, terrorist attacks, a Great Depression, and numerous other challenges over the centuries. While friends lovers come and go, your family is always there. The main reason our culture and values have started to crumble is the weakening of families. Introducing another form of family would only make the situation worse. (Messes, The idea that legalizing same-sex marriages may lead to polygamy or other types of marriages is because there is no place to stop once that issue has been crossed. Historically, the definition of marriage has rested on a bedrock of tradition, legal precedent, theology and the overwhelming support of the people. (Ten Arguments Against Same Sex Marriage) While these are drastic reasons why the same sex would not marry, they should be taken into consideration to figure out where to draw the line. Religion plays a huge role in why people believe the same sex should not marry. The Bible says that marriage is between a man and a woman and anyone who veers from this path is a sinner. Gay marriage is incompatible with the beliefs, sacred texts, and traditions of many religious groups. The Catholic Church, Presbyterian Church, Islam, United Methodist Church, Southern Baptist Convention, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, National Association of Evangelicals, and American Baptist Churches USA all oppose same-sex marriage. Expanding marriage to include same- sex couples may lead to churches being forced to marry couples and children being taught in school that same-sex marriage is the same as opposite-sex marriage. (Should Gay Marriage be Legal, 2013) Implications This debate is definitely one that is going to require a lot of time and effort to come up with the right decision. Even after that there will be controversy from one side or the other. While same-sex marriages will change the traditional style of the United States it may not be a mistake to allow this. We do live in a free country where e can make our own decisions, but right now these couples are being denied their right to be united as one. On the other hand, it does go against our beliefs and what has made us the great country we are today. Either way, this is going to be a tough decision the United State government is going to have to make and hopefully they do this sooner rather than later. Recommendation One recommendation is to rewrite this part of the U. S. Constitution to say that a marriage is to be between two adults, not Just a man and a woman. Here is Joe Mesmerisms (2012) recommended example of how the new amendment should be: A marriage, as recognized by federal, state, and local governments, is defined as a union between two adults. The two adults must both be over the age of 18 and must not be immediate relatives (sibling, parent, first cousin, aunt, uncle, grandparent). Any further restrictions of the marriage are left up to the states, with any state decision applying only to the state that passes the law and any other state that recognizes a similar marriage. (Miserly, 2012) Obviously, there would have to be some adjustments made, but I think he makes a great recommendation to solve this issue. This will not fully satisfy either sides of this debate, but maybe it will help them come to some type of agreement where they will leave each other alone and not discriminate against the other. Conclusion Same-sex marriages will continue to be an ongoing debate until the government decides to do something to make the debate useless or it pleases both sides. Since both sides have very strong feelings about their beliefs I believe it will have to be the first option that puts an end to this issue. Same-sex partners believe they should be able to marry who they want since that is a right that heterosexual couples get. However, those against same-sex marriages believe this issue to be demeaning and threatening toward traditional marriages, which are between a man and a woman.

Film analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Film analysis - Essay Example presents this plot in pre-World War II California, with a drifter named Frank Chambers as the lover, Cora Smith-Papadakis as the scheming wife, and Nick â€Å"Greek† Papadakis as the unsuspecting husband; and a controversial Chinese motion picture directed by Zhang Yimou and Yang Fengliang with the title Ju Dou (1990), having early 1900’s rural China as its setting with Tianqing as the lover and Ju Dou as the wife of a ruthless textile mill owner Jinshan, Tianqing’s adoptive uncle. The concept of a cheating wife getting rid of the husband and living with her lover for the rest of their lives is what makes the two stories similar, however major differences with the genre, the settings, and the context as well as the cultural background and character motivations are factors that separate the two stories from each other. The settings in both stories show that the husband and wife work together to earn their living. Nick and Cora operate a roadside sandwich joint (Cain Chap. 1 p.3), and similarly Jinshan and Ju Dou work together in running a large textile mill in a rural village (Ju Dou). Another similarity with the two pairs is that both women got married to a man they do not love, and must work each day despite not being happy with their lives. What sets the two stories apart is that in the case of the western couple, Cora seems to have enough guts and confidence to assert herself and that her husband does not control her too freely, while in the eastern couple Ju Dou is entirely submissive to her husband Jinshan and always gets beatings from him nearly each night since she cannot give him a son. She is also gets verbal abuse each day due to this dilemma, even if in reality Jinshan was really the barren one due to having a good deal of wives unable to bear him any children (Ju Dou). Being unable to take any more of her husband’s beating, as well as slowly being attracted to her adopted nephew Tianqing who treats her well despite having awkward and silent

In the context of capital market research what is the importance of Literature review

In the context of capital market research what is the importance of published financial information and the information content - Literature review Example Moreover, it has been proved that financial information and information content of earnings have the power to affect the investors’ decision making process. The interaction between the overall model of investor’s decision making and the published financial information, as well as the information content of earnings, is critically discussed in this paper. The justification of the above model in the context of the current financial crisis is evaluated. In order to secure that all the issues discussed above are covered, the paper has been divided into several sections, highlighting the various aspects of this paper’s subject. Apart from the introduction section, where the overall scope of the paper is presented, of particular importance are the literature and the Discussion sections. In the literature review section the following issues are addressed: the key characteristics of market research and its value on financial reporting, the published financial information and the information content of earnings as factors influencing investors’ decision making and potential use of the model of investors’ decision making within modern market which is under the continuous pressures of global financial crisis. The value of the literature findings in the context of the present crisis are further analyzed in the Analysis and Discussion section, so that valid assumptions are developed in regard to the study’s key subject. In the last section of the paper, Conclusion and recommendations, the key findings of the research developed for the issues addressed in this paper are summarized and recommendations are made, as appropriate, so that future failures are avoided. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Market research – characteristics and relation with financial reporting Market research is employed in a variety of business activities. For example, when having to decide in regard to the entrance of the business in a new market or in regard t o the development of a new product/ service market research is used for gathering information related to the host market or the consumer preferences as related to the new product/ service (Wahlen et al. 52). In regard to financial reporting and investment decision making, market research has a similar role. It helps to gather information required in developing a firm’s financial statements so that the position of the firm and its competitiveness is made clear (Wahlen et al. 52). Market research can be developed through a high range of research methods, such as surveys and field studies (Wahlen et al. 52). Preferably, market research should be based on empirical research methods, aiming to show the current market trends in regard to one or more critical business sectors. Capital market research is part of market research, it its broad meaning. Capital market research focuses on the review of ‘value-related information, such as share prices’ (Wahlen et al. 52). At this point it would be necessary to explain the key context of financial reporting, as a key activity in all organizations. Carmichael, Whittington and Lynford note that financial reporting is a process ‘for gathering information that will be used by investors or creditors for developing their investment or credit decisions accordingly’ (Carmichael, Whittington and Lynford 62). In general, financial reporti

Mexico Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Mexico - Research Paper Example Mexico got its independence from Spain on the 21st of September 1821. It was declared and established as an independent republic in 1824. It is also known as the United Mexican States. Mexico went through numerous challenges because of invaders and other kinds of national problems that affected it throughout the twentieth century. It has risen from its troubled past, however, and is currently one of the most popularly liked and thriving nations of the world. Mexico is the fifth largest country in North America and the thirteenth largest in the whole world. Mexico fits in geographically with North-America, but ethnologically, it is part of Latin America (Nationsonline.org, n.d.). Mexico has the highest population in all of Spanish-speaking countries in the world. Around 70% of the people live in urban areas (Nationsonline.org, n.d.). Based on some estimates, the population of the area around Mexico City is roughly 18 million, which means it has the highest population concentration in the Western Hemisphere (Nationsonline.org, n.d.). The capital of Mexico is Mexico City. It has always been the centre of economic, political, social and cultural values of the nation, even before Mexico became a part of Spain. But when Mexico became independent, ultimately, Mexico City was made the capital of the United Mexican States. The flag of Mexico is quite different from other flags of the world. It is not only unique, but also holds a very deep and interesting story, as well as strong facts about the country Mexico. The flag consists of three colored bands placed in a vertical manner. Starting from the left, the first band is of green color, which represents hope, joy, love and prosperity (Barbezat, n.d.). The second band is of white color, which depicts peace, unity, and honesty (Barbezat, n.d.). The third band has the color red, which symbolizes courage and strength (Barbezat, n.d.). Initially, the green stood for independence, white symbolized religion, and red represented the union of Americans and Europeans; however, during the secularization of the country under President Benito Juarez (president of Mexico from 1858 to 1872), the implications of the colors were changed: green meant hope, white for unity, and red for the blood of the national heroes (Barbezat, n.d.). In the center of the white band is The Mexican Coat of Arms. It is composed of an eagle eating a snake on top of a cactus (Barbezat, n.d.). The Mexican Coat of Arms is based on an Aztec legend, which narrated the way in which t he Aztecs came to select the site where they built their capital city of Tenochtitlan (where Mexico City is located at present). The Aztecs, also called as the Mexica ("meh-shee-ka"), were a nomadic people who came from the north of the country (Barbezat, n.d.). The god of war, Huitzilopochtli, showed himself in a dream of an Aztec leader. Huitzilopochtli told this leader that they should settle in the land, where they would find an eagle sitting on top of a prickly pear cactus with a serpent (Barbezat, n.d.). The Aztecs saw this eagle in a quite inhospitable place, a swampy location in the middle of three lakes, but they believed in this vision and built the grand city of Tenochtitlan (Barbezat, n.d.). The currency of Mexico is â€Å"Peso.† Though American and Canadian dollars are accepted at some places where there are maximum visits of tourists, the peso is widely used in every area of Mexico. III. Mexico is widely famous around the world for innumerable features, includin g its astounding natural beauty, as well as man-made amusements. It is a well-developed country and is popular in different parts of the globe. These are some of the reasons that attract tourists towards Mexico. Tourists are usually found in almost every season of the year, especially during school and office vacations, and there are many tourists who enjoy living the Mexican lifestyle for a few days. IV. The following are some of the discussions about language, art, marriage,

Stress Relieving Techniques for Organizational Stressors

Stress Relieving Techniques for Organizational Stressors Usame Mukerrem ATAÂ   Why this article? This article studies the stress that we are commonly facing in the organizations. We can say that nowadays, managers are complaining about the reluctant workers and non-efficient productivity. With this article we are going to examine this topic. Lets think about this, what do we understand with the expression called organizational stress? According to Lazarus and Folkman (1984), organizational stress is a result of the interaction between an employees personal characteristics, their work environment, the outcome expected from them, and their coping ability. An important part of our daily life is passing at work. Stresses that we experienced at work are definitely related to working conditions. However, there are individual factors, such as; Difficulties of dealing with stress due to personality traits, family issues or other sources of social support, and the roles played in other areas of life. This are definitely causing high tension of stress. On the other hand, the stress at work is reflecting other spaces of the person. We can control the working conditions to a certain extent; we have to focus on the idea that we can deal with these conditions first, rather than setting new targets even if we are in difficult conditions. So in this article we can find some help to solve stress issues. Relation with recent topic? Emotions and moods are not same things but they are related to each other. We cannot separate them sharply but we cant tell that theyre definitely different. Stress stays between this two conditions. Sometimes you can express it like emotion, but sometimes it is hard to be expressed. Stress are also changes a lot according to type. They can last long such as moods or takes a short duration such as emotion. We call the long-duration stress as anxiety. Organizational stress are aroused by some specific situation such as; Concentration difficulty, instability, constantly evaluating the situation negatively, anxious and quick thinking and constant concerns. Modern life is full of challenges, conflicts, demands and tasks to be trained. For many people, stress has now become a regular part of life. Stress is not always bad; sometimes it can motivate us to do the best. Most of the time we can do better while we are in under pressure. But if we are consistently in an emergency, our body and mind will pay for it with a stress and at the end as an anxiety. So we should practice more to solve and get over. Empirical Article- What are the variables? How theyre measured? What was the sample size? What method was used for collecting data? There were 2 hypothesis; H01: Organizational stressors and stress relieving techniques are independent of each other. H02: Organizational stressors stress relieving techniques have no relationship with demographic variables. In this exploration there were 118 representatives and 39 of them were female and 79 of the workers were males (Samples). This workers joined this questionnaire from different employment sectors and from different cities in India. Sampling method was utilized as a part of the article, which were chosen through importance inspecting. (Chandra Kant, N. R., Pradhan, S., 2016). The data collection was done by self-report questionnaire. Stress relieving-techniques were likewise utilized by respondents to accumulate data about existing stressors at work. For the Variables ID Stress has various measurements. Face-to-face-in-depth interviews were held to collect information about stress-relieving techniques and to understand existing stressors initially. This existing stressors by employees were noted one by one. 25 interviews carried out in Pune and Bangalore. What is important finding/take-away that you feel has helped you understand more about management or that you think would most help managers in organizations? In the article, you can see a significant negative correlation between work and pressure, which indicates that stresses is more frequent in permanent employees. Job pressure and family status have a significant positive relationship; i.e. the work pressure is high in the people who lives in common families. The role conflict has a significant positive relationship with monthly income, that is, the increase in monthly income increases the stress of role conflict. We can also say that there is a significant negative correlation between music and work situation. Music and Situation shows that employees who are primarily permanent and living in core families use Music as a stress-softening technique. This shows that the employees in the conflict role at the task level use Music as a stress-relieving technique than other techniques. Workers with job insecurity use Relaxation to relieve their stress and employees without adequate support tries to socialize. In my perspective, Emotional intelligence is also a big necessity in business life. People with high emotional intelligence have a strong empathy ability and are reconciled. Target-minded thinkers can raise awareness, manage stress easily, and control their anger. They insist with knowing what they can do, they can work together with any type of team and motivate the team to increase the success. People with high EI become ideal managers and such people become ideal employees. At the same time they might be loved by the people around them. Stress and anxiety are always seen when you look at the reason of each disease. For this reason, it is necessary to get rid of the anxiety before it becomes clear without accumulating sadness. If you control Emotional Intelligence you deal with the stress and anxiety in long term. Brief Description of the journal. CLEAR International Journal of Research in Commerce Management. Mar2016, Vol. 7 Issue 3, p93-98. 6p. 423850 Service Establishment Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers Author Affiliations: Research scholar, symbiosis international university, Mulshi Consultant, homoeopathic psychiatrist, Pune Consultant psychologist, Fortis hospital, Bangalore References CHANDRA KANT, N. R., PRADHAN, S. (2016). STRESS RELIEVING TECHNIQUES FOR ORGANIZATIONAL STRESSORS. CLEAR International Journal Of Research In Commerce Management, 7(3), 93-98.

Protecting American Jobs

Protecting American Jobs For the past two decades Americans have been getting laid off because their jobs are being transferred offshore. â€Å"Advances in technology and low-cost telecommunications now mean that a computer programmer, data entry specialist, or help-desk operator answering calls for a U. S. company can work as easily from India or the Philippines as from Iowa–and save parent companies some 30 percent to 70 percent in costs† (Otterman, 2004). This poses the question should the government protect American jobs by imposing stiff penalties on companies that transfer jobs offshore by outsourcing or manufacturing.No, stiffer taxes are not going to significantly effect the number of jobs that are being transferred off shore due to outsourcing. Instead the United States government needs to lower the average tax rate on multinational corporations and fix the loopholes that are currently being used to avoid paying these corporate taxes. For years American compani es have been scrutinized for outsourcing their jobs by off shoring. Even though this has been going on for the past twenty or more years it is being brought to light even more now since our country is in a recession.There are many reasons companies choose to outsource off shore. One of the main reasons is cost savings, many developing countries are more affordable for American companies to operate in because an employee that may cost $50 and hour in America might only cost about $5 an hour in a developing country. Companies are not just off shoring for cost benefits but also for the fact that many other countries have many educated and highly skilled workers who can perform jobs that are needed overseas. Business can also operate 24 hours a day 7 days a week by taking advantage of the offshore workers.When it is 6 p. m. in New York it is 6 a. m. in Singapore. Americans want that 24 hours a day 7 days a week customer service when they are having problems with things like their comput er. Outsourcing offshore also makes it a lot easier for companies to sell goods and services in a global market when they are producing them there and can reach their customers more quickly and effectively. Technological possibilities are another reason companies are choosing to offshore American jobs. Since many service jobs do not require face-to-face interaction they are able to erform these jobs from wherever is needed (Popwell, 2010). Many argue that the government should protect American jobs by imposing stiff penalties on companies that transfer jobs offshore by outsourcing or manufacturing. They claim off shoring has laid off thousands of American workers who will not be able to find other work unless they learn new skills. They also claim that off shoring is a major contributor to the United States 9 percent unemployment rate (United States Department of Labor, 2011).But they are only supporting their claims by the fact that they think companies are only off shoring for cos t incentives. Where as stated before there are many other reasons companies outsource offshore and many ways to make up for the job losses. Those who oppse the government protecting American jobs with stiff penalties for off shoring recognise that yes, cost savings is a big incentive for a company to outsource off shore, but there are also many more reasons that comapanies should opperate on a global scale that out weigh the loss of jobs in America. Thea Lee, policy director for the AFL-CIO, says much of the economic data supporting the link between overseas investment and domestic job growth fails to distinguish between foreign investment used to serve market demand for U. S. goods and services and foreign investment used to buy cheaper labor abroad† (Wolverson, 2011). So when looking at the total number of American jobs that have been outsourced off shore we also have to stop and think about how many of them were for market demand to better serve us and how many of them real ly were outsourced because it was cheaper.People also have to remember that companies have to try and find ways to make the both the consumer and the investors happy. Consumers want the best quality at the lowest price and the investors want to see a high profit, so to do that companies have to find the middle ground. Which means they have to find the best solution for everyone even if it means outsourcing jobs offshore because it more cost effective for the company. According to Jagdish N. Bhagwati, â€Å"employing workers at lower cost allows U.S. companies to be more efficient and productive, permitting them to create the same amount of goods with fewer resources. In turn, this lowers the price of the goods in the United States, strengthening U. S. companies and freeing workers for other tasks. The savings allows U. S. companies to stay afloat and expand in a highly competitive global market† (Otterman, 2004). Outsourcing is not always a bad, it is a change, and change is what pushes both our economy and our nation forward.Another good point that has been made is, the average global tax rate on multinational corporations is about 27 percent, compared to 39 percent in the United States (Wolverson, 2011). Given this information it would seem that instead of penalizing our multinational corporations for increasing international trade, maybe the United States government should focus more on bring in multinational corporations from other countries. This would not only create more jobs in the untied states to compensate for the ones that are being lost overseas but also stimulate more international trade. A 2008 OECD study found that foreign direct investment increases by 3. 7 percent for every one percentage point decrease in the corporate tax rate, and that, as cross-border capital flows increase, foreign direct investment is increasingly swayed by countries' tax rules† (Wolverson, 2011). We should be focusing on how to get more multinational corpo rations into the United States instead of focusing on how to hold back our multinational corporations. Along with lowering the average tax rate on multinational corporations the government should also fix the loopholes that exist.This way all multinational corporations will be taxed the same instead of some getting taxed the full 39 percent, while the others are using loopholes and hardly pay any taxes. Even in president Obama’s 2011 State of the Union address he called congress to simplify the system by getting rid of corporate loopholes so they can level the playing field and aid in the country’s competiveness and growth potential. To further support this, in an article from NationalJournal. com â€Å"many economists say that the corporate tax code is a mess and overdue for a clean-up.The code riddled with inefficiencies, creating perverse incentives for companies to invest overseas and waste money on elaborate tax-reduction strategies. Business supporters say a ove rhaul could eliminate the misguided incentives, lower tax rates, and attract more capital to the U. S. Some liberal critics also support reform, saying the current system is so tangled that it doesn't even do a good job of raising revenue† (Fernholz, 2011). Corporate tax breaks cost the federal government about $1. 1 trillion annually (Wolverson, 2011).If the government decided to really follow through with this corporate tax reform it could really help stimulate the economy and help to create new jobs help not only the 9 percent national unemployment rate go down but could also help create jobs for the people who lost their jobs due to off shoring. Overall the government should not be focusing on protecting American jobs that are being transferred offshore by outsourcing or manufacturing. Instead they should be working to close loopholes to even out the amount of taxes companies are paying.While also working to lower the average tax rate on multinational corporations to make outsourcing to the United States more desirable to multinational corporations in other countries. Word Count: 1419 Works Cited Fernholz, T. (2011, January 24). NationalJournal. com. Retrieved February 16, 2011, from Obama Team Wants Business Buy-In on Corporate Tax Reform. Otterman, S. (2004, February 20). TRADE: Outsourcing Jobs. Retrieved February 16, 2011, from Council on Foreign Relations: http://www. cfr. org/pakistan/trade-outsourcing-jobs/p7749 Popwell, N. (2010, October 27).Offshore Outsourcing: The Controversy Over Moving Jobs Overseas. Retrieved February 16, 2011, from Ezine Articles: http://ezinearticles. com/? Offshore-Outsourcing:-The-Controversy-Over-Moving-Jobs-Overseas&id=5253123 United States Department of Labor. (2011, February 4). Economic News Release. Retrieved February 16, 2011, from Bureau of Labor Statustics: http://www. bls. gov/news. release/empsit. nr0. htm Wolverson, R. (2011, February 11). Outsourcing Jobs and Taxes. Retrieved February 16, 2011, from Cou ncil on Foreign Relations: http://www. cfr. org/united-states/outsourcing-jobs-taxes/p21777

Bioplastics

BIOPLASTICS Bioplastics are a form of plastics derived from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, pea starch or microbiota. There are a variety of materials bioplastics that can be composed of, including: starches, cellulose, or other biopolymers. APPLICATIONS OF BIOPLASTICS Biodegradable bioplastics are used for disposable items, such as packaging and catering items (crockery, cutlery, pots, bowls and straws). They are also often used for bags, trays, containers for fruit, vegetables, eggs and meat, bottles for soft drinks and dairy products, and blister foils for fruit and vegetables.Nondisposable applications include mobile phone casings, carpet fibres, and car interiors, fuel line and plastic pipe applications, and new electro active bioplastics are being developed that can be used to carry electrical current. In these areas, the goal is not biodegradability, but to create items from sustainable resources. Medical implants made of PLA, which dis solve in the body, save patients a second operation. Compostable mulch films for agriculture, already often produced from starch polymers, do not have to be collected after use and can be left on the fields.TYPES OF BIOPLASTICS Starch-based plastics: Constituting about 50 percent of the bioplastics market, thermoplastic starch, currently represents the most widely used bioplastic. Pure starch possesses the characteristic of being able to absorb humidity, and is thus being used for the production of drug capsules in the pharmaceutical sector. Flexibiliser and plasticiser such as sorbitol and glycerine are added so the starch can also be processed thermo-plastically.By varying the amounts of these additives, the characteristic of the material can be tailored to specific needs. Simple starch plastic can be made at home. Industrially, starch based bioplastics are often blended with biodegradable polyesters. These blends are no longer biodegradables, but display a lower carbon footprint compared to the corresponding petroleum based plastics. Cellulose-based plastics: Cellulose bioplastics are mainly the cellulose esters, (including cellulose acetate and nitrocellulose) and their derivatives, including celluloid.Polylactic acid (PLA) plastics: Polylactic acid (PLA) is a transparent plastic produced from cane sugar or glucose. It not only resembles conventional petrochemical mass plastics (like PE or PP) in its characteristics, but it can also be processed easily, albeit more expensively, on standard equipment that already exists for the production of conventional plastics. PLA and PLA blends generally come in the form of granulates with various properties, and are used in the plastic processing industry for the production of foil, moulds, cups and bottles.Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB): The biopolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is polyester produced by certain bacteria processing glucose, corn starch or wastewater. Its characteristics are similar to those of the pet roplastic polypropylene. PHB is distinguished primarily by its physical characteristics. It produces transparent film at a melting point higher than 130 degrees Celsius, and is biodegradable without residue. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA): Polyhydroxyalkanoates are linear polyesters produced in nature by bacterial fermentation of sugar or lipids.They are produced by the bacteria to store carbon and energy. In industrial production, the polyester is extracted and purified from the bacteria by optimizing the conditions for the fermentation of sugar. More than 150 different monomers can be combined within this family to give materials with extremely different properties. PHA is more ductile and less elastic than other plastics, and it is also biodegradable. These plastics are being widely used in the medical industry. Polyamide 11 (PA 11): PA 11 is a biopolymer derived from natural oil.PA 11 belongs to the technical polymers family and is not biodegradable. The emissions of greenhouse gas es and consumption of nonrenewable resources are reduced during its production. Its thermal resistance is also superior to that of PA 12. It is used in high-performance applications like automotive fuel lines, pneumatic airbrake tubing, electrical cable antitermite sheathing, flexible oil and gas pipes, control fluid umbilicals, sports shoes, electronic device components, and catheters. IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT Sustainability:Sustainability is improving the quality of human life while living within the carrying capacity of supporting eco-systems. The production and use of bioplastics is generally regarded as a more sustainable activity when compared with plastic production from petroleum (petroplastic), because it relies less on fossil fuel as a carbon source and also introduces fewer, net-new greenhouse emissions if it biodegrades. They significantly reduce hazardous waste caused by oil-derived plastics, which remain solid for hundreds of years, and open a new era in packing technolog y and industry. Biodegradable:All (bio- and petroleum-based) plastics are technically biodegradable, meaning they can be degraded by microbes under suitable conditions. However many degrade at such slow rates as to be considered non-biodegradable. Some petrochemical-based plastics are considered biodegradable, and may be used as an additive to improve the performance of many commercial bioplastics. The degree of biodegradation varies with temperature, polymer stability, and available oxygen content. Consequently, most bioplastics will only degrade in the tightly controlled conditions of industrial composting units.In compost piles or simply in the soil/water, most bioplastics will not degrade, starch-based bioplastics will, however. A distinction must be made for the term â€Å"compostable†. While â€Å"biodegradable† simply means that an object will biologically disintegrate, compostable specifically demands that the end product has to be humus. So, while a plastic ma y â€Å"biodegrade in a compost site† this does not mean that it will compost in a compost site. ADVANTAGES Bioplastics can be sustainable, carbon neutral and are always renewable, because they are made from plant materials which can be grown indefinitely.These plant materials come from agricultural nonfood crops. Therefore, the use of biopolymers would create a sustainable industry. In contrast, the feedstocks for polymers derived from petrochemicals will eventually deplete. In addition, biopolymers have the potential to cut carbon emissions and reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) quantities in the atmosphere: this is because the CO2 released when they degrade can be reabsorbed by crops grown to replace them: this makes them close to carbon neutral.Some biopolymers are biodegradable: they are broken down into CO2 and water by microorganisms. Some of these biodegradable biopolymers are compostable: they can be put into an industrial composting process and will break down by 90% withi n six months. DISADVANTAGES Bioplastics could have a damaging effect on soil, water usage and quality, and result in higher food prices. Bioplastics are designed to be composted, not recycled. The plant-based material will actually contaminate the recycling process if not separated from conventional plastics such as soda bottles and milk jugs.Home composting may not be an option. Some bioplastics cannot be broken down by the bacteria in our backyards. Polyethylene (PE) made from cane sugar is one example of this. Only bioplastics that are fully biodegradable will break down in a home compost pile, and it could still take up to two years for certain items. The rest require the high heat and humidity of an industrial composting facility. Plants grown for bioplastics have negative impacts of their own.Bioplastics are often produced from genetically modified food crops such as corn, potatoes, and soybeans, a practice that carries a high risk of contaminating our food supply. Also, corn and soybean producers typically apply large amounts of chemical pesticides and fertilizers that pollute our air and water. To compound matters, the growth of the bioplastics and biofuels industries (both of which currently rely on food crops as their raw material) increases the demand for crops, puts pressure on food prices, and increases the impact of agriculture worldwide.